"""Webroot plugin."""
import argparse
import collections
import json
import logging
from typing import Any
from typing import Callable
from typing import Iterable
from typing import Optional
from typing import Sequence
from typing import Union

from acme import challenges, messages
from certbot import crypto_util
from certbot import errors
from certbot import interfaces
from certbot._internal import cli
from certbot._internal import san
from certbot.achallenges import AnnotatedChallenge
from certbot.compat import filesystem
from certbot.compat import os
from certbot.display import ops
from certbot.display import util as display_util
from certbot.plugins import common
from certbot.plugins import util
from certbot.util import safe_open

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


_WEB_CONFIG_CONTENT = """\
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!--Generated by Certbot-->
<configuration>
  <system.webServer>
      <staticContent>
          <remove fileExtension="."/>
          <mimeMap fileExtension="." mimeType="text/plain" />
      </staticContent>
  </system.webServer>
</configuration>
"""
# This list references the hashes of all versions of the web.config files that Certbot could
# have generated during an HTTP-01 challenge. If you modify _WEB_CONFIG_CONTENT, you MUST add
# the new hash in this list.
_WEB_CONFIG_SHA256SUMS = [
    "20c5ca1bd58fa8ad5f07a2f1be8b7cbb707c20fcb607a8fc8db9393952846a97",
    "8d31383d3a079d2098a9d0c0921f4ab87e708b9868dc3f314d54094c2fe70336"
]


class Authenticator(common.Plugin, interfaces.Authenticator):
    """Webroot Authenticator."""

    description = """\
Saves the necessary validation files to a .well-known/acme-challenge/ directory within the \
nominated webroot path. A separate HTTP server must be running and serving files from the \
webroot path. HTTP challenge only (wildcards not supported)."""

    MORE_INFO = """\
Authenticator plugin that performs http-01 challenge by saving
necessary validation resources to appropriate paths on the file
system. It expects that there is some other HTTP server configured
to serve all files under specified web root ({0})."""

    def more_info(self) -> str:  # pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring
        return self.MORE_INFO.format(self.conf("path"))

    @classmethod
    def add_parser_arguments(cls, add: Callable[..., None]) -> None:
        add("path", "-w", default=[], action=_WebrootPathAction,
            help="public_html / webroot path. This can be specified multiple "
                 "times to handle different identifiers; each identifier will have "
                 "the webroot path that preceded it.  For instance: `-w "
                 "/var/www/example -d example.com -d www.example.com -w "
                 "/var/www/thing -d thing.net -d m.thing.net` (default: Ask)")
        add("map", default={}, action=_WebrootMapAction,
            help="JSON dictionary mapping identifiers to webroot paths; this "
                 "implies -d or --ip-address for each entry. You may need to "
                 " escape this from your shell. E.g.: --webroot-map "
                 '\'{"eg1.is,m.eg1.is":"/www/eg1/", "eg2.is":"/www/eg2"}\' '
                 "This option is merged with, but takes precedence over, -w / "
                 "-d entries. At present, if you put webroot-map in a config "
                 "file, it needs to be on a single line, like: webroot-map = "
                 '{"example.com":"/var/www"}.')

    def auth_hint(self, failed_achalls: list[AnnotatedChallenge]) -> str:  # pragma: no cover
        return ("The Certificate Authority failed to download the temporary challenge files "
                "created by Certbot. Ensure that the listed identifiers serve their content from "
                "the provided --webroot-path/-w and that files created there can be downloaded "
                "from the internet.")

    def get_chall_pref(self, identifier: str) -> Iterable[type[challenges.Challenge]]:
        # pylint: disable=unused-argument,missing-function-docstring
        return [challenges.HTTP01]

    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.full_roots: dict[str, str] = {}
        self.performed: collections.defaultdict[str, set[AnnotatedChallenge]] = (
            collections.defaultdict(set)
        )
        # stack of dirs successfully created by this authenticator
        self._created_dirs: list[str] = []

    def prepare(self) -> None:  # pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring
        pass

    def perform(self, achalls: list[AnnotatedChallenge]) -> list[challenges.ChallengeResponse]:  # pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring
        self._set_webroots(achalls)

        self._create_challenge_dirs()

        return [self._perform_single(achall) for achall in achalls]

    def _set_webroots(self, achalls: Iterable[AnnotatedChallenge]) -> None:
        if self.conf("path"):
            webroot_path = self.conf("path")[-1]
            logger.info("Using the webroot path %s for all unmatched identifiers.",
                        webroot_path)
            for achall in achalls:
                self.conf("map").setdefault(achall.identifier.value, webroot_path)
        else:
            known_webroots = list(set(self.conf("map").values()))
            for achall in achalls:
                if achall.identifier.value not in self.conf("map"):
                    new_webroot = self._prompt_for_webroot(achall.identifier,
                                                           known_webroots)
                    # Put the most recently input
                    # webroot first for easy selection
                    try:
                        known_webroots.remove(new_webroot)
                    except ValueError:
                        pass
                    known_webroots.insert(0, new_webroot)
                    self.conf("map")[achall.identifier.value] = new_webroot

    def _prompt_for_webroot(self, identifier: messages.Identifier,
                            known_webroots: list[str]) -> Optional[str]:
        webroot = None

        while webroot is None:
            if known_webroots:
                # Only show the menu if we have options for it
                webroot = self._prompt_with_webroot_list(identifier, known_webroots)
                if webroot is None:
                    webroot = self._prompt_for_new_webroot(identifier)
            else:
                # Allow prompt to raise PluginError instead of looping forever
                webroot = self._prompt_for_new_webroot(identifier, True)

        return webroot

    def _prompt_with_webroot_list(self, identifier: messages.Identifier,
                                  known_webroots: list[str]) -> Optional[str]:
        path_flag = "--" + self.option_name("path")

        while True:
            code, index = display_util.menu(
                "Select the webroot for {0}:".format(identifier.value),
                ["Enter a new webroot"] + known_webroots,
                cli_flag=path_flag, force_interactive=True)
            if code == display_util.CANCEL:
                raise errors.PluginError(
                    "Every requested identifier must have a "
                    "webroot when using the webroot plugin.")
            return None if index == 0 else known_webroots[index - 1]  # code == display_util.OK

    def _prompt_for_new_webroot(self, identifier: messages.Identifier,
                                allowraise: bool = False) -> Optional[str]:
        code, webroot = ops.validated_directory(
            _validate_webroot,
            "Input the webroot for {0}:".format(identifier.value),
            force_interactive=True)
        if code == display_util.CANCEL:
            if not allowraise:
                return None
            raise errors.PluginError(
                "Every requested identifier must have a "
                "webroot when using the webroot plugin.")
        return _validate_webroot(webroot)  # code == display_util.OK

    def _create_challenge_dirs(self) -> None:
        path_map = self.conf("map")
        if not path_map:
            raise errors.PluginError(
                "Missing parts of webroot configuration; please set "
                "--webroot-path and --domains or --ip-address. "
                "Alternatively you may set --webroot-map. "
                "Run with --help webroot for examples.")
        for name, path in path_map.items():
            self.full_roots[name] = os.path.join(path, os.path.normcase(
                challenges.HTTP01.URI_ROOT_PATH))
            logger.debug("Creating root challenges validation dir at %s",
                         self.full_roots[name])

            # Change the permissions to be writable (GH #1389)
            # Umask is used instead of chmod to ensure the client can also
            # run as non-root (GH #1795)
            with filesystem.temp_umask(0o022):
                # We ignore the last prefix in the next iteration,
                # as it does not correspond to a folder path ('/' or 'C:')
                for prefix in sorted(util.get_prefixes(self.full_roots[name])[:-1], key=len):
                    if os.path.isdir(prefix):
                        # Don't try to create directory if it already exists, as some filesystems
                        # won't reliably raise EEXIST or EISDIR if directory exists.
                        continue
                    try:
                        # Set owner as parent directory if possible, apply mode for Linux/Windows.
                        # For Linux, this is coupled with the "umask" call above because
                        # os.mkdir's "mode" parameter may not always work:
                        # https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.html#os.mkdir
                        filesystem.mkdir(prefix, 0o755)
                        self._created_dirs.append(prefix)
                        try:
                            filesystem.copy_ownership_and_apply_mode(
                                path, prefix, 0o755, copy_user=True, copy_group=True)
                        except (OSError, AttributeError) as exception:
                            logger.warning("Unable to change owner and uid of webroot directory")
                            logger.debug("Error was: %s", exception)
                    except OSError as exception:
                        raise errors.PluginError(
                            "Couldn't create root for {0} http-01 "
                            "challenge responses: {1}".format(name, exception))

            # On Windows, generate a local web.config file that allows IIS to serve expose
            # challenge files despite the fact they do not have a file extension.
            if not filesystem.POSIX_MODE:
                web_config_path = os.path.join(self.full_roots[name], "web.config")
                if os.path.exists(web_config_path):
                    logger.info("A web.config file has not been created in "
                                "%s because another one already exists.", self.full_roots[name])
                    continue
                logger.info("Creating a web.config file in %s to allow IIS "
                            "to serve challenge files.", self.full_roots[name])
                with safe_open(web_config_path, mode="w", chmod=0o644) as web_config:
                    web_config.write(_WEB_CONFIG_CONTENT)

    def _get_validation_path(self, root_path: str, achall: AnnotatedChallenge) -> str:
        return os.path.join(root_path, achall.chall.encode("token"))

    def _perform_single(self, achall: AnnotatedChallenge) -> challenges.ChallengeResponse:
        response, validation = achall.response_and_validation()

        root_path = self.full_roots[achall.identifier.value]
        validation_path = self._get_validation_path(root_path, achall)
        logger.debug("Attempting to save validation to %s", validation_path)

        # Change permissions to be world-readable, owner-writable (GH #1795)
        with filesystem.temp_umask(0o022):
            with safe_open(validation_path, mode="wb", chmod=0o644) as validation_file:
                validation_file.write(validation.encode())

        self.performed[root_path].add(achall)
        return response

    def cleanup(self, achalls: list[AnnotatedChallenge]) -> None:  # pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring
        for achall in achalls:
            root_path = self.full_roots.get(achall.identifier.value, None)
            if root_path is not None:
                validation_path = self._get_validation_path(root_path, achall)
                logger.debug("Removing %s", validation_path)
                os.remove(validation_path)
                self.performed[root_path].remove(achall)

                if not filesystem.POSIX_MODE:
                    web_config_path = os.path.join(root_path, "web.config")
                    if os.path.exists(web_config_path):
                        sha256sum = crypto_util.sha256sum(web_config_path)
                        if sha256sum in _WEB_CONFIG_SHA256SUMS:
                            logger.info("Cleaning web.config file generated by Certbot in %s.",
                                        root_path)
                            os.remove(web_config_path)
                        else:
                            logger.info("Not cleaning up the web.config file in %s "
                                        "because it is not generated by Certbot.", root_path)

        not_removed: list[str] = []
        while self._created_dirs:
            path = self._created_dirs.pop()
            try:
                os.rmdir(path)
            except OSError as exc:
                not_removed.insert(0, path)
                logger.info("Challenge directory %s was not empty, didn't remove", path)
                logger.debug("Error was: %s", exc)
        self._created_dirs = not_removed
        logger.debug("All challenges cleaned up")


class _WebrootMapAction(argparse.Action):
    """Action class for parsing webroot_map."""

    def __call__(self, parser: argparse.ArgumentParser, namespace: argparse.Namespace,
                 webroot_map: Union[str, Sequence[Any], None],
                 option_string: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
        if webroot_map is None:
            return
        for identlist, webroot_path in json.loads(str(webroot_map)).items():
            webroot_path = _validate_webroot(webroot_path)
            for s in san.guess(identlist.split(",")):
                match s:
                    case san.IPAddress():
                        cli.add_ip_address(namespace, s)
                    case san.DNSName():
                        cli.add_dns_name(namespace, s)

                namespace.webroot_map[str(s)] = webroot_path


class _WebrootPathAction(argparse.Action):
    """Action class for parsing webroot_path."""

    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self._ident_before_webroot = False

    def __call__(self, parser: argparse.ArgumentParser, namespace: argparse.Namespace,
                 webroot_path: Union[str, Sequence[Any], None],
                 option_string: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
        if webroot_path is None:
            return
        if self._ident_before_webroot:
            raise errors.PluginError(
                "If you specify multiple webroot paths, "
                "one of them must precede all --domain and --ip-address flags")

        if namespace.webroot_path:
            # Apply previous webroot to all matched
            # domains before setting the new webroot path
            prev_webroot = namespace.webroot_path[-1]
            for domain in namespace.domains:
                namespace.webroot_map.setdefault(domain.dns_name, prev_webroot)
            for ip_address in namespace.ip_addresses:
                namespace.webroot_map.setdefault(str(ip_address), prev_webroot)
        elif namespace.domains or namespace.ip_addresses:
            self._ident_before_webroot = True

        namespace.webroot_path.append(_validate_webroot(str(webroot_path)))


def _validate_webroot(webroot_path: str) -> str:
    """Validates and returns the absolute path of webroot_path.

    :param str webroot_path: path to the webroot directory

    :returns: absolute path of webroot_path
    :rtype: str

    """
    if not os.path.isdir(webroot_path):
        raise errors.PluginError(webroot_path + " does not exist or is not a directory")

    return os.path.abspath(webroot_path)
