atonex
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## atonex

atonex — Emulates a stack of filters using the atone opcode.

## Description

atonex is equivalent to a filter consisting of more layers of atone with the same arguments, serially connected. Using a stack of a larger number of filters allows a sharper cutoff. They are faster than using a larger number instances in a Csound orchestra of the old opcodes, because only one initialization and k- cycle are needed at time and the audio loop falls entirely inside the cache memory of processor.

## Syntax

    ares atonex asig, khp [, inumlayer] [, iskip]

    ares atonex asig, ahp [, inumlayer] [, iskip]

## Initialization

inumlayer (optional) -- number of elements in the filter stack. Default value is 4.

iskip (optional, default=0) -- initial disposition of internal data space. Since filtering incorporates a feedback loop of previous output, the initial status of the storage space used is significant. A zero value will clear the space; a non-zero value will allow previous information to remain. The default value is 0.

## Performance

asig -- input signal

khp/ahp -- the response curve's half-power point. Half power is defined as peak power / root 2.

## Examples

Here is an example of the atonex opcode. It uses the file atonex.csd.

Example 58. Example of the atonex opcode.

    <CsoundSynthesizer>
    <CsOptions>
    ; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform
    -odac     ;;;RT audio out
    ;-iadc    ;;;uncomment -iadc if RT audio input is needed too
    ; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:
    ; -o atonex.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform
    </CsOptions>
    <CsInstruments>

    sr = 44100
    ksmps = 32
    nchnls = 2
    0dbfs = 1

    instr 1	; unfiltered noise

    asig	rand	0.7	; white noise
    	outs	asig, asig

    endin

    instr 2	; filtered noise

    asig	rand	0.7
    khp	line	100, p3, 3000
    afilt	atonex	asig, khp, 32

    ; Clip the filtered signal's amplitude to 85 dB.
    a1	clip afilt, 2, ampdb(85)
    	outs a1, a1
    endin

    </CsInstruments>
    <CsScore>

    i 1 0 2
    i 2 2 2

    e

    </CsScore>
    </CsoundSynthesizer>

## See Also

resonx, tonex

## Credits

Author: Gabriel Maldonado (adapted by John ffitch)
Italy

New in Csound version 3.49

Audio rate parameters introduced in version 6.02

October 2013.

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