;;; files.el --- file input and output commands for XEmacs.

;; Copyright (C) 1985-1987, 1992-1995, 1997, 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
;; Copyright (C) 1995 Sun Microsystems.
;; Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2003 Ben Wing.

;; Maintainer: XEmacs Development Team
;; Keywords: extensions, dumped

;; This file is part of XEmacs.

;; XEmacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
;; under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
;; Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your
;; option) any later version.

;; XEmacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
;; ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
;; FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
;; for more details.

;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;; along with XEmacs.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

;;; [[ Synched up with: FSF 20.3 (but diverging)
;;; Warning: Merging this file is tough.  Beware.]]

;;; Beware of sync messages with 20.x or 21.x! (Unless I did them, of
;;; course ... :-) Those who did these synchronizations did not do proper
;;; jobs and often left out lots of changes.  In practice you need to do a
;;; line-by-line comparison, and whenever encountering differences, see
;;; what FSF 19.34 looks like to see if the changes are intentional or just
;;; regressions.  In at least one case below, our code was unchanged from
;;; FSF 19.30! --ben

;;; Mostly synched to FSF 21.2 by Ben Wing using a line-by-line comparison,
;;; except some really hard parts that have changed almost completely.

;;; Commentary:

;; This file is dumped with XEmacs.

;; BEGIN SYNC WITH FSF 21.2.

;; Defines most of XEmacs's file- and directory-handling functions,
;; including basic file visiting, backup generation, link handling,
;; ITS-id version control, load- and write-hook handling, and the like.

;;; Code:

(defgroup files nil
  "Support editing files."
  :group 'emacs)

(defgroup backup nil
  "Backups of edited data files."
  :group 'files)

(defgroup find-file nil
  "Finding and editing files."
  :group 'files)

;; XEmacs: In buffer.c (also)
(defcustom delete-auto-save-files t
  "*Non-nil means delete auto-save file when a buffer is saved or killed.

Note that auto-save file will not be deleted if the buffer is killed
when it has unsaved changes."
  :type 'boolean
  :group 'auto-save)

;; FSF has automount-dir-prefix.  Our directory-abbrev-alist is more general.
;; note: tmp_mnt bogosity conversion is established in paths.el.
(defcustom directory-abbrev-alist nil
  "*Alist of abbreviations for file directories.
A list of elements of the form (FROM . TO), each meaning to replace
FROM with TO when it appears in a directory name.
This replacement is done when setting up the default directory of a
newly visited file.  *Every* FROM string should start with \\\\` or ^.

Do not use `~' in the TO strings.
They should be ordinary absolute directory names.

Use this feature when you have directories which you normally refer to
via absolute symbolic links or to eliminate automounter mount points
from the beginning of your filenames.  Make TO the name of the link,
and FROM the name it is linked to."
  :type '(repeat (cons :format "%v"
		       :value ("\\`" . "")
		       (regexp :tag "From")
		       (regexp :tag "To")))
  :group 'find-file)

(defcustom make-backup-files t
  "*Non-nil means make a backup of a file the first time it is saved.
This can be done by renaming the file or by copying.

Renaming means that XEmacs renames the existing file so that it is a
backup file, then writes the buffer into a new file.  Any other names
that the old file had will now refer to the backup file.  The new file
is owned by you and its group is defaulted.

Copying means that XEmacs copies the existing file into the backup
file, then writes the buffer on top of the existing file.  Any other
names that the old file had will now refer to the new (edited) file.
The file's owner and group are unchanged.

The choice of renaming or copying is controlled by the variables
`backup-by-copying', `backup-by-copying-when-linked' and
`backup-by-copying-when-mismatch' and
`backup-by-copying-when-privileged-mismatch'.  See also `backup-inhibited'."
  :type 'boolean
  :group 'backup)

;; Do this so that local variables based on the file name
;; are not overridden by the major mode.
(defvar backup-inhibited nil
  "Non-nil means don't make a backup, regardless of the other parameters.
This variable is intended for use by making it local to a buffer.
But it is local only if you make it local.")
(put 'backup-inhibited 'permanent-local t)

(defcustom backup-by-copying nil
 "*Non-nil means always use copying to create backup files.
See documentation of variable `make-backup-files'."
 :type 'boolean
 :group 'backup)

(defcustom backup-by-copying-when-linked nil
 "*Non-nil means use copying to create backups for files with multiple names.
This causes the alternate names to refer to the latest version as edited.
This variable is relevant only if `backup-by-copying' is nil."
 :type 'boolean
 :group 'backup)

(defcustom backup-by-copying-when-mismatch nil
  "*Non-nil means create backups by copying if this preserves owner or group.
Renaming may still be used (subject to control of other variables)
when it would not result in changing the owner or group of the file;
that is, for files which are owned by you and whose group matches
the default for a new file created there by you.
This variable is relevant only if `backup-by-copying' is nil."
  :type 'boolean
  :group 'backup)

(defcustom backup-by-copying-when-privileged-mismatch 200
  "*Non-nil means create backups by copying to preserve a privileged owner.
Renaming may still be used (subject to control of other variables)
when it would not result in changing the owner of the file or if the owner
has a user id greater than the value of this variable.  This is useful
when low-numbered uid's are used for special system users (such as root)
that must maintain ownership of certain files.
This variable is relevant only if `backup-by-copying' and
`backup-by-copying-when-mismatch' are nil."
  :type '(choice (const nil) integer)
  :group 'backup)

(defun normal-backup-enable-predicate (name)
  "Default `backup-enable-predicate' function.
Checks for files in the directory returned by `temp-directory' or specified
by `small-temporary-file-directory'."
  (let ((temporary-file-directory (temp-directory)))
    (not (or (let ((comp (compare-strings temporary-file-directory 0 nil
					  name 0 nil)))
	       ;; Directory is under temporary-file-directory.
	       (and (not (eq comp t))
		    (< comp (- (length temporary-file-directory)))))
	     (if small-temporary-file-directory
		 (let ((comp (compare-strings small-temporary-file-directory
					      0 nil
					      name 0 nil)))
		   ;; Directory is under small-temporary-file-directory.
		   (and (not (eq comp t))
			(< comp (- (length small-temporary-file-directory))))))))))

(defvar backup-enable-predicate 'normal-backup-enable-predicate
  "Predicate that looks at a file name and decides whether to make backups.
Called with an absolute file name as argument, it returns t to enable backup.")

(defcustom buffer-offer-save nil
  "*Non-nil in a buffer means always offer to save buffer on exit.
Do so even if the buffer is not visiting a file.
Automatically local in all buffers."
  :type 'boolean
  :group 'find-file)
(make-variable-buffer-local 'buffer-offer-save)

;; FSF uses normal defconst
(defvaralias 'find-file-visit-truename 'find-file-use-truenames)
(defvaralias 'find-file-existing-other-name 'find-file-compare-truenames)

(defcustom revert-without-query nil
  "*Specify which files should be reverted without query.
The value is a list of regular expressions.
If the file name matches one of these regular expressions,
then `revert-buffer' reverts the file without querying
if the file has changed on disk and you have not edited the buffer."
  :type '(repeat (regexp ""))
  :group 'find-file)

(defvar buffer-file-number nil
  "The device number and file number of the file visited in the current buffer.
The value is a list of the form (FILENUM DEVNUM).
This pair of numbers uniquely identifies the file.
If the buffer is visiting a new file, the value is nil.")
(make-variable-buffer-local 'buffer-file-number)
(put 'buffer-file-number 'permanent-local t)

(defvar buffer-file-numbers-unique (not (memq system-type '(windows-nt)))
  "Non-nil means that buffer-file-number uniquely identifies files.")

;; FSF 21.2.  We use (temp-directory).
; (defvar temporary-file-directory
;   (file-name-as-directory
;    (cond ((memq system-type '(ms-dos windows-nt))
; 	  (or (getenv "TEMP") (getenv "TMPDIR") (getenv "TMP") "c:/temp"))
; 	 ((memq system-type '(vax-vms axp-vms))
; 	  (or (getenv "TMPDIR") (getenv "TMP") (getenv "TEMP") "SYS$SCRATCH:"))
; 	 (t
; 	  (or (getenv "TMPDIR") (getenv "TMP") (getenv "TEMP") "/tmp"))))
;   "The directory for writing temporary files.")

(defvar small-temporary-file-directory
  (if (eq system-type 'ms-dos) (getenv "TMPDIR"))
  "The directory for writing small temporary files.
If non-nil, this directory is used instead of `temporary-file-directory'
by programs that create small temporary files.  This is for systems that
have fast storage with limited space, such as a RAM disk.")

; (defvar file-name-invalid-regexp
;   (cond ((and (eq system-type 'ms-dos) (not (msdos-long-file-names)))
; 	 (concat "^\\([^A-Z[-`a-z]\\|..+\\)?:\\|" ; colon except after drive
; 		 "[+, ;=|<>\"?*]\\|\\[\\|\\]\\|"  ; invalid characters
; 		 "[\000-\031]\\|"		  ; control characters
; 		 "\\(/\\.\\.?[^/]\\)\\|"	  ; leading dots
; 		 "\\(/[^/.]+\\.[^/.]*\\.\\)"))	  ; more than a single dot
; 	((memq system-type '(ms-dos windows-nt))
; 	 (concat "^\\([^A-Z[-`a-z]\\|..+\\)?:\\|" ; colon except after drive
; 		 "[|<>\"?*\000-\031]"))		  ; invalid characters
; 	(t "[\000]"))
;   "Regexp recognizing file names which aren't allowed by the filesystem.")

(defcustom file-precious-flag nil
  "*Non-nil means protect against I/O errors while saving files.
Some modes set this non-nil in particular buffers.

This feature works by writing the new contents into a temporary file
and then renaming the temporary file to replace the original.
In this way, any I/O error in writing leaves the original untouched,
and there is never any instant where the file is nonexistent.

Note that this feature forces backups to be made by copying.
Yet, at the same time, saving a precious file
breaks any hard links between it and other files."
  :type 'boolean
  :group 'backup)

(defcustom version-control nil
  "*Control use of version numbers for backup files.
t means make numeric backup versions unconditionally.
nil means make them for files that have some already.
`never' means do not make them."
  :type '(choice (const :tag "Never" never)
		 (const :tag "If existing" nil)
		 (other :tag "Always" t))
  :group 'backup
  :group 'vc)

;; This is now defined in efs.
; (defcustom dired-kept-versions 2
;   "*When cleaning directory, number of versions to keep."
;   :type 'integer
;   :group 'backup
;   :group 'dired)

(defcustom delete-old-versions (when noninteractive 'leave)
  "*If t, delete excess backup versions silently.
If nil, ask confirmation.  Any other value prevents any trimming."
  :type '(choice (const :tag "Delete" t)
                 (const :tag "Ask" nil)
                 (sexp :tag "Leave" :format "%t\n" other))
  :group 'backup)

(defcustom kept-old-versions 2
  "*Number of oldest versions to keep when a new numbered backup is made."
  :type 'integer
  :group 'backup)

(defcustom kept-new-versions 2
  "*Number of newest versions to keep when a new numbered backup is made.
Includes the new backup.  Must be > 0"
  :type 'integer
  :group 'backup)

(defcustom require-final-newline nil
  "Whether to add a newline automatically at the end of the file.

A value of t means do this only when the file is about to be saved.
A value of `visit' means do this right after the file is visited.
A value of `visit-save' means do it at both of those times.
Any other non-nil value means ask user whether to add a newline, when saving.
A value of nil means don't add newlines.

Certain major modes set this locally to the value obtained
from `mode-require-final-newline'."
  :type '(choice (const :tag "When visiting" visit)
		 (const :tag "When saving" t)
		 (const :tag "When visiting or saving" visit-save)
		 (const :tag "Don't add newlines" nil)
		 (other :tag "Ask each time" ask))
  :group 'editing-basics
  :version "21.5.35")

(defcustom mode-require-final-newline t
  "Whether to add a newline at end of file, in certain major modes.
Those modes set `require-final-newline' to this value when you enable them.
They do so because they are often used for files that are supposed
to end in newlines, and the question is how to arrange that.

A value of t means do this only when the file is about to be saved.
A value of `visit' means do this right after the file is visited.
A value of `visit-save' means do it at both of those times.
Any other non-nil value means ask user whether to add a newline, when saving.

A value of nil means do not add newlines.  That is a risky choice in this
variable since this value is used for modes for files that ought to have
final newlines.  So if you set this to nil, you must explicitly check and
add a final newline, whenever you save a file that really needs one."
  :type '(choice (const :tag "When visiting" visit)
		 (const :tag "When saving" t)
		 (const :tag "When visiting or saving" visit-save)
		 (const :tag "Don't add newlines" nil)
		 (other :tag "Ask each time" ask))
  :group 'editing-basics
  :version "21.5.35")

(defcustom auto-save-default t
  "*Non-nil says by default do auto-saving of every file-visiting buffer."
  :type 'boolean
  :group 'auto-save)

(defcustom auto-save-visited-file-name nil
  "*Non-nil says auto-save a buffer in the file it is visiting, when practical.
Normally auto-save files are written under other names."
  :type 'boolean
  :group 'auto-save)

(defcustom auto-save-file-name-transforms
  `(("\\`/[^/]*:\\(.+/\\)*\\(.*\\)"
     ,(expand-file-name "\\2" (temp-directory))))
  "*Transforms to apply to buffer file name before making auto-save file name.
Each transform is a list (REGEXP REPLACEMENT):
REGEXP is a regular expression to match against the file name.
If it matches, `replace-match' is used to replace the
matching part with REPLACEMENT.
All the transforms in the list are tried, in the order they are listed.
When one transform applies, its result is final;
no further transforms are tried.

The default value is set up to put the auto-save file into the temporary
directory (see the function `temp-directory') for editing a remote file."
  :group 'auto-save
  :type '(repeat (list (string :tag "Regexp") (string :tag "Replacement")))
  ;:version "21.1"
  )

(defcustom save-abbrevs nil
   "*Non-nil means save word abbrevs too when files are saved.
If `silently', don't ask the user before saving.
Loading an abbrev file sets this to t."
  :type '(choice (const t) (const nil) (const silently))
  :group 'abbrev)

(defcustom find-file-run-dired t
   "*Non-nil means allow `find-file' to visit directories.
To visit the directory, `find-file' runs `find-directory-functions'."
   :type 'boolean
   :group 'find-file)
 
(defcustom find-directory-functions '(cvs-dired-noselect dired-noselect)
  "*List of functions to try in sequence to visit a directory.
Each function is called with the directory name as the sole argument
and should return either a buffer or nil."
  :type '(hook :options (cvs-dired-noselect dired-noselect))
  :group 'find-file)

;;;It is not useful to make this a local variable.
;;;(put 'find-file-not-found-hooks 'permanent-local t)
(defvar find-file-not-found-hooks nil
  "List of functions to be called for `find-file' on nonexistent file.
These functions are called as soon as the error is detected.
Variable `buffer-file-name' is already set up.
The functions are called in the order given until one of them returns non-nil.")

;;;It is not useful to make this a local variable.
;;;(put 'find-file-hooks 'permanent-local t)
(defvar find-file-hooks nil
  "List of functions to be called after a buffer is loaded from a file.
The buffer's local variables (if any) will have been processed before the
functions are called.")

(defvar write-file-hooks nil
  "List of functions to be called before writing out a buffer to a file.
If one of them returns non-nil, the file is considered already written
and the rest are not called.
These hooks are considered to pertain to the visited file.
So any buffer-local binding of `write-file-hooks' is
discarded if you change the visited file name with \\[set-visited-file-name].
 
Don't make this variable buffer-local; instead, use `local-write-file-hooks'.
See also `write-contents-hooks' and `continue-save-buffer'.")
;;; However, in case someone does make it local...
(put 'write-file-hooks 'permanent-local t)

(defvar local-write-file-hooks nil
  "Just like `write-file-hooks', except intended for per-buffer use.
The functions in this list are called before the ones in
`write-file-hooks'.

This variable is meant to be used for hooks that have to do with a
particular visited file.  Therefore, it is a permanent local, so that
changing the major mode does not clear it.  However, calling
`set-visited-file-name' does clear it.")
(make-variable-buffer-local 'local-write-file-hooks)
(put 'local-write-file-hooks 'permanent-local t)


;; #### think about this (added by Sun).
(put 'after-set-visited-file-name-hooks 'permanent-local t)
(defvar after-set-visited-file-name-hooks nil
  "List of functions to be called after \\[set-visited-file-name]
or during \\[write-file].
You can use this hook to restore local values of `write-file-hooks',
`after-save-hook', and `revert-buffer-function', which pertain
to a specific file and therefore are normally killed by a rename.
Put hooks pertaining to the buffer contents on `write-contents-hooks'
and `revert-buffer-insert-file-contents-function'.")

(defvar write-contents-hooks nil
  "List of functions to be called before writing out a buffer to a file.
If one of them returns non-nil, the file is considered already written
and the rest are not called.

This variable is meant to be used for hooks that pertain to the
buffer's contents, not to the particular visited file; thus,
`set-visited-file-name' does not clear this variable; but changing the
major mode does clear it.

This variable automatically becomes buffer-local whenever it is set.
If you use `add-hook' to add elements to the list, use nil for the
LOCAL argument.

See also `write-file-hooks' and `continue-save-buffer'.")
(make-variable-buffer-local 'write-contents-hooks)

;;  XEmacs addition
;;  Energize needed this to hook into save-buffer at a lower level; we need
;;  to provide a new output method, but don't want to have to duplicate all
;;  of the backup file and file modes logic.that does not occur if one uses
;;  a write-file-hook which returns non-nil.
(put 'write-file-data-hooks 'permanent-local t)
(defvar write-file-data-hooks nil
  "List of functions to be called to put the bytes on disk.
These functions receive the name of the file to write to as argument.
The default behavior is to call
  (write-region (point-min) (point-max) filename nil t)
If one of them returns non-nil, the file is considered already written
and the rest are not called.
These hooks are considered to pertain to the visited file.
So any buffer-local binding of `write-file-data-hooks' is
discarded if you change the visited file name with \\[set-visited-file-name].
See also `write-file-hooks'.")

(defcustom enable-local-variables t
  "*Control use of local variables in files you visit.
The value can be t, nil or something else.
A value of t means file local variables specifications are obeyed;
nil means they are ignored; anything else means query.
This variable also controls use of major modes specified in
a -*- line.

The command \\[normal-mode], when used interactively,
always obeys file local variable specifications and the -*- line,
and ignores this variable."
  :type '(choice (const :tag "Obey" t)
		 (const :tag "Ignore" nil)
		 (sexp :tag "Query" :format "%t\n" other))
  :group 'find-file)

;  (defvar local-enable-local-variables t
;    "Like `enable-local-variables' but meant for buffer-local bindings.
; The meaningful values are nil and non-nil.  The default is non-nil.
;  If a major mode sets this to nil, buffer-locally, then any local
; variables list in the file will be ignored.

; This variable does not affect the use of major modes
; specified in a -*- line.")
 
(defcustom enable-local-eval 'maybe
  "*Control processing of the \"variable\" `eval' in a file's local variables.
The value can be t, nil or something else.
A value of t means obey `eval' variables;
nil means ignore them; anything else means query.

The command \\[normal-mode] always obeys local-variables lists
and ignores this variable."
  :type '(choice (const :tag "Obey" t)
		 (const :tag "Ignore" nil)
		 (sexp :tag "Query" :format "%t\n" other))
  :group 'find-file)

;; Avoid losing in versions where CLASH_DETECTION is disabled.
(or (fboundp 'lock-buffer)
    (defalias 'lock-buffer 'ignore))
(or (fboundp 'unlock-buffer)
    (defalias 'unlock-buffer 'ignore))
(or (fboundp 'file-locked-p)
    (defalias 'file-locked-p 'ignore))

(defvar view-read-only nil
  "*Non-nil means buffers visiting files read-only, do it in view mode.")

;;FSFmacs bastardized ange-ftp cruft
;(defun ange-ftp-completion-hook-function (op &rest args)
;  "Provides support for ange-ftp host name completion.
;Runs the usual ange-ftp hook, but only for completion operations."
;  ;; Having this here avoids the need to load ange-ftp when it's not
;  ;; really in use.
;  (if (memq op '(file-name-completion file-name-all-completions))
;      (apply 'ange-ftp-hook-function op args)
;    (let ((inhibit-file-name-handlers
;	   (cons 'ange-ftp-completion-hook-function
;		 (and (eq inhibit-file-name-operation op)
;		      inhibit-file-name-handlers)))
;	  (inhibit-file-name-operation op))
;      (apply op args))

;; FSF 21.2:
;This function's standard definition is trivial; it just returns the argument.
;However, on some systems, the function is redefined with a definition
;that really does change some file names to canonicalize certain
;patterns and to guarantee valid names."
(defun convert-standard-filename (filename)
  "Convert a standard FILENAME to something suitable for the current OS."
  ;; See below for the non-windows-nt code that is equivalent to
  ;; #'identity.
  (let ((name (copy-sequence filename))
	(start 0) match-beginning)
    ;; leave ':' if part of drive specifier
    (if (and (> (length name) 1) (eq (aref name 1) ?:))
	(setq start 2))
    ;; destructively replace invalid filename characters with !
    (while (setq match-beginning
                     (string-match-p "[?*:<>|\"\000-\037]" name start))
      (aset name match-beginning ?!)
      (setq start (1+ match-beginning)))
    ;; FSF: [convert directory separators to Windows format ...]
    ;; unneeded in XEmacs.
    name))

(when (and (not (eq system-type 'windows-nt))
	   (compiled-function-p (symbol-function 'convert-standard-filename)))
  (fset 'convert-standard-filename
	(make-byte-code
	 (compiled-function-arglist (symbol-function 'identity))
	 (compiled-function-instructions (symbol-function 'identity))
	 (compiled-function-constants (symbol-function 'identity))
	 (compiled-function-stack-depth (symbol-function 'identity))
	 (compiled-function-doc-string
	  (symbol-function 'convert-standard-filename)))))

(defun pwd ()
  "Show the current default directory."
  (interactive nil)
  (message "Directory %s" default-directory))

(defvar cd-path nil
  "Value of the CDPATH environment variable, as a list.
Not actually set up until the first time you use it.")

(defvar cdpath-previous nil
  "Prior value of the CDPATH environment variable.")

(defun parse-colon-path (cd-path)
  "Explode a colon-separated search path into a list of directory names.

If you think you want to use this, you probably don't.  This function
is provided for backward compatibility.  A more robust implementation
of the same functionality is available as `split-path', which see."
  (and cd-path
       (let (cd-list (cd-start 0) cd-colon)
	 (setq cd-path (concat cd-path path-separator))
	 (while (setq cd-colon
                      (string-match-p path-separator cd-path cd-start))
	   (setq cd-list
		 (nconc cd-list
			(list (if (= cd-start cd-colon)
				   nil
				(substitute-in-file-name
				 (file-name-as-directory
				  (substring cd-path cd-start cd-colon)))))))
	   (setq cd-start (+ cd-colon 1)))
	 cd-list)))

(defun cd-absolute (dir)
  "Change current directory to given absolute file name DIR."
  ;; Put the name into directory syntax now,
  ;; because otherwise expand-file-name may give some bad results.
  (setq dir (file-name-as-directory dir))
  ;; XEmacs change: stig@hackvan.com
  (if find-file-use-truenames
      (setq dir (file-truename dir)))
  (setq dir (abbreviate-file-name (expand-file-name dir)))
  (cond ((not (file-directory-p dir))
	 (if (file-exists-p dir)
	     (error "%s is not a directory" dir)
	   (error "%s: no such directory" dir)))
	;; this breaks ange-ftp, which doesn't (can't?) overload `file-executable-p'.
        ;;((not (file-executable-p dir))
        ;; (error "Cannot cd to %s:  Permission denied" dir))
        (t
         (setq default-directory dir))))

(defun cd (dir)
  "Make DIR become the current buffer's default directory.
If your environment includes a `CDPATH' variable, try each one of that
colon-separated list of directories when resolving a relative directory name."
  (interactive
   ;; XEmacs change? (read-file-name => read-directory-name)
   (list (read-directory-name "Change default directory: "
			      default-directory default-directory
			      (and (member cd-path '(nil ("./")))
				   (null (getenv "CDPATH"))))))

  (let* ((cdpath-current (getenv "CDPATH"))
	 (trypath (if cdpath-current
		      (split-path (setq cdpath-previous cdpath-current))
		    nil)))		; null list
    (if (file-name-absolute-p dir)
	(cd-absolute (expand-file-name dir))
      ;; XEmacs change. I'm not sure respecting CDPATH is the right thing to
      ;; do under Windows.
      (unless (and cd-path (equal cdpath-current cdpath-previous))
	(setq cd-path (or (and trypath
			       (mapcar #'file-name-as-directory trypath))
			  (list (file-name-as-directory "")))))
      (or (some #'(lambda (x)
                    (let ((f (expand-file-name (concat x dir))))
                      (when (file-directory-p f) (cd-absolute f))))
                cd-path)
	  ;; jwz: give a better error message to those of us with the
	  ;; good taste not to use a kludge like $CDPATH.
	  (if (equal cd-path '("./"))
	      (error "No such directory: %s" (expand-file-name dir))
	    (error "Directory not found in $CDPATH: %s" dir))))))

(defun load-file (file)
  "Load the Lisp file named FILE."
  ;; This is a case where .elc makes a lot of sense.
  (interactive (list (let ((completion-ignored-extensions
			    (remove ".elc" completion-ignored-extensions)))
		       (read-file-name "Load file: "))))
  (load (expand-file-name file) nil nil t))

; We now dump utils/lib-complete.el which has improved versions of this.
;(defun load-library (library)
;  "Load the library named LIBRARY.
;This is an interface to the function `load'."
;  (interactive "sLoad library: ")
;  (load library))
;
;(defun find-library (library)
;  "Find the library of Lisp code named LIBRARY.
;This searches `load-path' for a file named either \"LIBRARY\" or \"LIBRARY.el\"."
;  (interactive "sFind library file: ")
;  (let ((f (locate-file library load-path ":.el:")))
;    (if f
;        (find-file f)
;        (error "Couldn't locate library %s" library))))

(defun file-local-copy (file)
  "Copy the file FILE into a temporary file on this machine.
Returns the name of the local copy, or nil, if FILE is directly
accessible."
  ;; This formerly had an optional BUFFER argument that wasn't used by
  ;; anything.
  (let ((handler (find-file-name-handler file 'file-local-copy)))
    (if handler
	(funcall handler 'file-local-copy file)
      nil)))

;; XEmacs change block
; We have this in C and use the realpath() system call.

;(defun file-truename (filename &optional counter prev-dirs)
; [... lots of code snipped ...]
;    filename))

;; XEmacs addition.  Called from `insert-file-contents-internal'
;; at the appropriate time.
(defun compute-buffer-file-truename (&optional buffer)
  "Recompute BUFFER's value of `buffer-file-truename'
based on the current value of `buffer-file-name'.
BUFFER defaults to the current buffer if unspecified."
  (save-excursion
    (set-buffer (or buffer (current-buffer)))
    (cond ((null buffer-file-name)
	   (setq buffer-file-truename nil))
	  ((setq buffer-file-truename (file-truename buffer-file-name))
	   ;; it exists, we're done.
	   nil)
	  (t
	   ;; the file doesn't exist, but maybe the directory does.
	   (let* ((dir (file-name-directory buffer-file-name))
		  (truedir (file-truename dir)))
	     (if truedir (setq dir truedir))
	     (setq buffer-file-truename
		   (expand-file-name (file-name-nondirectory buffer-file-name)
				     dir)))))
    (if (and find-file-use-truenames buffer-file-truename)
	(setq buffer-file-name (abbreviate-file-name buffer-file-truename)
	      default-directory (file-name-directory buffer-file-name)))
    buffer-file-truename))
;; End XEmacs change block

(defun file-chase-links (filename)
  "Chase links in FILENAME until a name that is not a link.
Does not examine containing directories for links,
unlike `file-truename'."
  (let (tem (count 100) (newname filename))
    (while (setq tem (file-symlink-p newname))
      (save-match-data
	(if (= count 0)
	    (error "Apparent cycle of symbolic links for %s" filename))
	;; In the context of a link, `//' doesn't mean what XEmacs thinks.
	(while (string-match "//+" tem)
	  (setq tem (replace-match "/" nil nil tem)))
	;; Handle `..' by hand, since it needs to work in the
	;; target of any directory symlink.
	;; This code is not quite complete; it does not handle
	;; embedded .. in some cases such as ./../foo and foo/bar/../../../lose.
	(while (string-match-p "\\`\\.\\./" tem) ;#### Unix specific
	  (setq tem (substring tem 3))
	  (setq newname (file-name-as-directory
			 ;; Do the .. by hand.
			 (directory-file-name
			  (file-name-directory
			   ;; Chase links in the default dir of the symlink.
			   (file-chase-links
			    (directory-file-name
			     (file-name-directory newname))))))))
	(setq newname (expand-file-name tem (file-name-directory newname)))
	(setq count (1- count))))
    newname))

(defun make-temp-file (prefix &optional dir-flag suffix)
  "Create a temporary file.
The returned file name (created by appending some random characters at the
end of PREFIX, and expanding against the return value of `temp-directory' if
necessary), is guaranteed to point to a newly created empty file.  You can
then use `write-region' to write new data into the file.

If DIR-FLAG is non-nil, create a new empty directory instead of a file.

If SUFFIX is non-nil, add that at the end of the file name.

This function is analogous to mkstemp(3) under POSIX, avoiding the race
condition between testing for the existence of the generated filename (under
POSIX with mktemp(3), under Emacs Lisp with `make-temp-name') and creating
it."
  (let ((umask (default-file-modes))
	(temporary-file-directory (temp-directory))
	file)
    (unwind-protect
	(progn
	  ;; Create temp files with strict access rights.  It's easy to
	  ;; loosen them later, whereas it's impossible to close the
	  ;; time-window of loose permissions otherwise.
	  (set-default-file-modes #o700)
	  (while (condition-case ()
		     (progn
		       (setq file
			     (make-temp-name
			      (expand-file-name prefix
						temporary-file-directory)))
		       (if suffix
			   (setq file (concat file suffix)))
		       (if dir-flag
			   (make-directory file)
			 (write-region "" nil file nil 'silent nil 'excl))
		       nil)
		   (file-already-exists t))
	    ;; the file was somehow created by someone else between
	    ;; `make-temp-name' and `write-region', let's try again.
	    nil)
	  file)
      ;; Reset the umask.
      (set-default-file-modes umask))))


(defun switch-to-other-buffer (arg)
  "Switch to the previous buffer.  With a numeric arg, n, switch to the nth
most recent buffer.  With an arg of 0, buries the current buffer at the
bottom of the buffer stack."
  (interactive "p")
  (if (eq arg 0)
      (bury-buffer (current-buffer)))
  (switch-to-buffer
   (if (<= arg 1) (other-buffer (current-buffer))
     (nth (1+ arg) (buffer-list)))))

;;FSF 21.2
;Optional second arg NORECORD non-nil means
;do not put this buffer at the front of the list of recently selected ones.
(defun switch-to-buffer-other-window (buffer) ;;FSF 21.2: &optional norecord
  "Select buffer BUFFER in another window.

This uses the function `display-buffer' as a subroutine; see its
documentation for additional customization information."
   (interactive "BSwitch to buffer in other window: ")
  (let ((pop-up-windows t))
    ;; XEmacs: this used to have (selected-frame) as the third argument,
    ;; but this is obnoxious.  If the user wants the buffer in a
    ;; different frame, then it should be this way.

    ;; Change documented above undone --mrb
    (pop-to-buffer buffer t (selected-frame))))
    ;(pop-to-buffer buffer t norecord)))

;; FSF 21.2:
; (defun switch-to-buffer-other-frame (buffer &optional norecord)
;   "Switch to buffer BUFFER in another frame.
; Optional second arg NORECORD non-nil means
; do not put this buffer at the front of the list of recently selected ones.

; This uses the function `display-buffer' as a subroutine; see its
; documentation for additional customization information."
;    (interactive "BSwitch to buffer in other frame: ")
;    (let ((pop-up-frames t))
;      (pop-to-buffer buffer t norecord)
;      (raise-frame (window-frame (selected-window)))))

(defun switch-to-buffer-other-frame (buffer)
  "Switch to buffer BUFFER in a newly-created frame.

 This uses the function `display-buffer' as a subroutine; see its
 documentation for additional customization information."
  (interactive "BSwitch to buffer in other frame: ")
  (let* ((name (get-frame-name-for-buffer buffer))
	 (frame (make-frame (if name
				  (list (cons 'name (symbol-name name)))))))
    (pop-to-buffer buffer t frame)
    (make-frame-visible frame)
    buffer))

(defun switch-to-next-buffer (&optional n)
  "Switch to the next-most-recent buffer.
This essentially rotates the buffer list forward.
N (interactively, the prefix arg) specifies how many times to rotate
forward, and defaults to 1.  Buffers whose name begins with a space
\(i.e. \"invisible\" buffers) are ignored."
  (interactive "p")
  (dotimes (n (or n 1))
    (loop
      do (bury-buffer (car (buffer-list)))
      ;; This used to be usually-equivalent buffers-tab-omit-function, which
      ;; may not be available in this file.
      while (funcall buffers-menu-omit-function (car (buffer-list))))
    (switch-to-buffer (car (buffer-list)))))

(defun switch-to-previous-buffer (&optional n)
  "Switch to the previously most-recent buffer.
This essentially rotates the buffer list backward.
N (interactively, the prefix arg) specifies how many times to rotate
backward, and defaults to 1.  Buffers whose name begins with a space
\(i.e. \"invisible\" buffers) are ignored."
  (interactive "p")
  (dotimes (n (or n 1))
    (loop
      do (switch-to-buffer (car (last (buffer-list))))
      ;; See above re buffers-tab-omit-function.
      while (funcall buffers-menu-omit-function (car (buffer-list))))))

(defmacro find-file-create-switch-thunk (switch-function)
  "Mark buffer modified if needed, then call SWITCH-FUNCTION. 

The buffer will be marked modified if the file associated with the buffer
does not exist.  This means that \\[find-file] on a non-existent file will
create a modified buffer, making \\[save-buffer] sufficient to create the
file.

SWITCH-FUNCTION should be `switch-to-buffer' or a related function.  This
function (that is, `find-file-create-switch-thunk') is implemented as a macro
because we don't have built-in lexical scope, a closure created with
`lexical-let' will always run as interpreted code.  Though functions created
by this macro are unlikely to be called in performance-critical contexts.

This function may be called from functions related to `find-file', as well
as `find-file' itself."
  `(function
    (lambda (buffer)
      (unless (and (buffer-file-name buffer)
		   (file-exists-p (buffer-file-name buffer)))
        ;; XEmacs: nonexistent file--qualifies as a modification to the
        ;; buffer.
        (set-buffer-modified-p t buffer))
      (,switch-function buffer))))

(defun find-file (filename &optional codesys wildcards)
  "Edit file FILENAME.
Switch to a buffer visiting file FILENAME, creating one if none already
exists.  Optional second argument specifies the coding system to use when
decoding the file.  Interactively, with a prefix argument, you will be
prompted for the coding system.

If you do not explicitly specify a coding system, the coding system
is determined as follows:

1. `coding-system-for-read', if non-nil. (This is used by Lisp programs to
      temporarily set an overriding coding system and should almost never
      apply here in `find-file'.)
2. The result of `insert-file-contents-pre-hook', if non-nil. (This is a
      complex interface for handling special cases.)
3. The matching value for this filename from `file-coding-system-alist',
      if any. (This lets you specify the coding system to be used for
      files with particular extensions, names, etc.)
4. `buffer-file-coding-system-for-read', if non-nil. (This is the global
      default -- normally `undecided', so the built-in auto-detection
      mechanism can do its thing.)
5. The coding system 'raw-text.

See `insert-file-contents' for more details about how the process of
determining the coding system works.

Interactively, or if WILDCARDS is non-nil in a call from Lisp,
expand wildcards (if any) and visit multiple files.  Wildcard expansion
can be suppressed by setting `find-file-wildcards' to `nil'."
  (interactive (list (read-file-name "Find file: ")
		     (and current-prefix-arg
			  (read-coding-system "Coding system: "))
		     t))
  (and codesys (setq codesys (check-coding-system codesys)))
  (let* ((coding-system-for-read (or codesys coding-system-for-read))
         (value (find-file-noselect filename nil nil wildcards))
         (thunk (find-file-create-switch-thunk switch-to-buffer)))
    (if (listp value)
        (mapcar thunk (nreverse value))
      (funcall thunk value))))

(defun find-file-other-window (filename &optional codesys wildcards)
  "Edit file FILENAME, in another window.
May create a new window, or reuse an existing one.  See the function
`display-buffer'.  Optional second argument specifies the coding system to
use when decoding the file.  Interactively, with a prefix argument, you
will be prompted for the coding system."
  (interactive (list (read-file-name "Find file in other window: ")
		     (and current-prefix-arg
			  (read-coding-system "Coding system: "))
		     t))
  (and codesys (setq codesys (check-coding-system codesys)))
  (let* ((coding-system-for-read (or codesys coding-system-for-read))
         (value (find-file-noselect filename nil nil wildcards))
         (list (and (listp value) (nreverse value)))
         (other-window-thunk (find-file-create-switch-thunk
                              switch-to-buffer-other-window)))
    (if list
        (cons
         (funcall other-window-thunk (car list))
         (mapcar (find-file-create-switch-thunk switch-to-buffer) (cdr list)))
      (funcall other-window-thunk value))))

(defun find-file-other-frame (filename &optional codesys wildcards)
  "Edit file FILENAME, in a newly-created frame.
Optional second argument specifies the coding system to use when decoding
the file.  Interactively, with a prefix argument, you will be prompted for
the coding system."
  (interactive (list (read-file-name "Find file in other frame: ")
		     (and current-prefix-arg
			  (read-coding-system "Coding system: "))
		     t))
  (and codesys (setq codesys (check-coding-system codesys)))
  (let* ((coding-system-for-read (or codesys coding-system-for-read))
         (value (find-file-noselect filename nil nil wildcards))
         (list (and (listp value) (nreverse value)))
         (other-frame-thunk (find-file-create-switch-thunk
                             switch-to-buffer-other-frame)))
    (if list
        (cons
         (funcall other-frame-thunk (car list))
         (mapcar (find-file-create-switch-thunk switch-to-buffer) (cdr list)))
      (funcall other-frame-thunk value))))

;; No need to keep this macro around in the dumped executable.
(unintern 'find-file-create-switch-thunk)

(defun find-file-read-only (filename &optional codesys wildcards)
  "Edit file FILENAME but don't allow changes.
Like \\[find-file] but marks buffer as read-only.
Use \\[toggle-read-only] to permit editing.
Optional second argument specifies the coding system to use when decoding
the file.  Interactively, with a prefix argument, you will be prompted for
the coding system."
  (interactive (list (read-file-name "Find file read-only: ")
		     (and current-prefix-arg
			  (read-coding-system "Coding system: "))
		     t))
  (let ((value (find-file filename codesys wildcards)))
    (mapc #'(lambda (buffer)
              (set-symbol-value-in-buffer 'buffer-read-only t buffer))
          (if (listp value) value (list value)))
    value))

(defun find-file-read-only-other-window (filename &optional codesys wildcards)
  "Edit file FILENAME in another window but don't allow changes.
Like \\[find-file-other-window] but marks buffer as read-only.
Use \\[toggle-read-only] to permit editing.
Optional second argument specifies the coding system to use when decoding
the file.  Interactively, with a prefix argument, you will be prompted for
the coding system."
  (interactive (list (read-file-name "Find file read-only other window: ")
		     (and current-prefix-arg
			  (read-coding-system "Coding system: "))
		     t))
  (find-file-other-window filename codesys wildcards)
  (setq buffer-read-only t)
  (current-buffer))

(defun find-file-read-only-other-frame (filename &optional codesys wildcards)
  "Edit file FILENAME in another frame but don't allow changes.
Like \\[find-file-other-frame] but marks buffer as read-only.
Use \\[toggle-read-only] to permit editing.
Optional second argument specifies the coding system to use when decoding
the file.  Interactively, with a prefix argument, you will be prompted for
the coding system."
  (interactive (list (read-file-name "Find file read-only other frame: ")
		     (and current-prefix-arg
			  (read-coding-system "Coding system: "))
		     t))
  (find-file-other-frame filename codesys wildcards)
  (setq buffer-read-only t)
  (current-buffer))

(defun find-alternate-file-other-window (filename &optional codesys)
  "Find file FILENAME as a replacement for the file in the next window.
This command does not select that window.  Optional second argument
specifies the coding system to use when decoding the file.  Interactively,
with a prefix argument, you will be prompted for the coding system."
  (interactive
   (save-selected-window
     (other-window 1)
     (let ((file buffer-file-name)
	   (file-name nil)
	   (file-dir nil))
       (and file
	    (setq file-name (file-name-nondirectory file)
		  file-dir (file-name-directory file)))
       (list (read-file-name
	      "Find alternate file: " file-dir nil nil file-name)
	     (if current-prefix-arg (read-coding-system "Coding-system: "))))))
  (if (one-window-p)
      (find-file-other-window filename codesys)
    (save-selected-window
      (other-window 1)
      (find-alternate-file filename codesys))))

(defun find-alternate-file (filename &optional codesys)
  "Find file FILENAME, select its buffer, kill previous buffer.
If the current buffer now contains an empty file that you just visited
\(presumably by mistake), use this command to visit the file you really
want.  Optional second argument specifies the coding system to use when
decoding the file.  Interactively, with a prefix argument, you will be
prompted for the coding system."
  (interactive
   (let ((file buffer-file-name)
	 (file-name nil)
	 (file-dir nil))
     (and file
	  (setq file-name (file-name-nondirectory file)
		file-dir (file-name-directory file)))
     (list (read-file-name
	    "Find alternate file: " file-dir nil nil file-name)
	   (if current-prefix-arg (read-coding-system "Coding-system: ")))))
  (and (buffer-modified-p) (buffer-file-name)
       ;; (not buffer-read-only)
       (not (yes-or-no-p (format
			  "Buffer %s is modified; kill anyway? "
			  (buffer-name))))
       (error "Aborted"))
  (let ((obuf (current-buffer))
	(ofile buffer-file-name)
	(onum buffer-file-number)
	(otrue buffer-file-truename)
	(oname (buffer-name)))
    (if (get-buffer " **lose**")
	(kill-buffer " **lose**"))
    (rename-buffer " **lose**")
    (setq buffer-file-name nil)
    (setq buffer-file-number nil)
    (setq buffer-file-truename nil)
    (unwind-protect
	(progn
	  (unlock-buffer)
          (find-file filename codesys))
      (cond ((eq obuf (current-buffer))
	     (setq buffer-file-name ofile)
	     (setq buffer-file-number onum)
	     (setq buffer-file-truename otrue)
	     (lock-buffer)
	     (rename-buffer oname))))
    (or (eq (current-buffer) obuf)
	(kill-buffer obuf))))

(defun create-file-buffer (filename)
  "Create a suitably named buffer for visiting FILENAME, and return it.
FILENAME (sans directory) is used unchanged if that name is free;
otherwise a string <2> or <3> or ... is appended to get an unused name."
    (let ((handler (find-file-name-handler filename 'create-file-buffer)))
      (if handler
	  (funcall handler 'create-file-buffer filename)
	(let ((lastname (file-name-nondirectory filename)))
	  (if (equal lastname "")
	      (setq lastname filename))
	  (generate-new-buffer lastname)))))

(defun generate-new-buffer (name)
  "Create and return a buffer with a name based on NAME.
Choose the buffer's name using `generate-new-buffer-name'."
  (get-buffer-create (generate-new-buffer-name name)))

(defvar abbreviated-home-dir nil
  "The user's homedir abbreviated according to `directory-abbrev-alist'.")

(defun abbreviate-file-name (filename &optional hack-homedir)
  "Return a version of FILENAME shortened using `directory-abbrev-alist'.
Type \\[describe-variable] directory-abbrev-alist RET for more information.
If optional argument HACK-HOMEDIR is non-nil, then this also substitutes
\"~\" for the user's home directory."
  (let ((handler (find-file-name-handler filename 'abbreviate-file-name)))
    (if handler
	(funcall handler 'abbreviate-file-name filename hack-homedir)
      ;; Get rid of the prefixes added by the automounter.
      ;;(if (and (string-match automount-dir-prefix filename)
      ;;         (file-exists-p (file-name-directory
      ;;                         (substring filename (1- (match-end 0))))))
      ;;    (setq filename (substring filename (1- (match-end 0)))))
      (let ((tail directory-abbrev-alist))
	;; If any elt of directory-abbrev-alist matches this name,
	;; abbreviate accordingly.
	(while tail
	  (when (string-match (car (car tail)) filename)
	    (setq filename
		  (concat (cdr (car tail)) (substring filename (match-end 0)))))
	  (setq tail (cdr tail))))
      (when hack-homedir
	;; Compute and save the abbreviated homedir name.
	;; We defer computing this until the first time it's needed,
	;; to give time for directory-abbrev-alist to be set properly.
	;; We include the separator at the end, to avoid spurious
	;; matches such as `/usr/foobar' when the home dir is
	;; `/usr/foo'.
	(or abbreviated-home-dir
	    (setq abbreviated-home-dir
		  (let ((abbreviated-home-dir "$foo"))
		    (concat "\\`"
			    (regexp-quote
			     (abbreviate-file-name (expand-file-name "~")))
			    "\\("
			    (regexp-quote (string directory-sep-char))
			    "\\|\\'\\)"))))
	;; If FILENAME starts with the abbreviated homedir,
	;; make it start with `~' instead.
	(if (and (string-match abbreviated-home-dir filename)
		 ;; If the home dir is just /, don't change it.
		 (not (and (= (match-end 0) 1)
			   (= (aref filename 0) directory-sep-char)))
		 (not (and (eq system-type 'windows-nt)
                           (string-match-p (concat "\\`[a-zA-Z]:"
                                                   (regexp-quote
                                                    (string directory-sep-char))
                                                   "\\'")
                                           filename))))
	    (setq filename
		  (concat "~"
			  (match-string 1 filename)
			  (substring filename (match-end 0))))))
      filename)))

(defcustom find-file-not-true-dirname-list nil
  "*List of logical names for which visiting shouldn't save the true dirname."
  :type '(repeat (string :tag "Name"))
  :group 'find-file)

;; This function is needed by FSF vc.el.  I hope somebody can make it
;; work for XEmacs.  -sb.
;; #### In what way does it not work?  --hniksic
(defun find-buffer-visiting (filename)
  "Return the buffer visiting file FILENAME (a string).
This is like `get-file-buffer', except that it checks for any buffer
visiting the same file, possibly under a different name.
If there is no such live buffer, return nil."
  (let ((buf (get-file-buffer filename))
	(truename (abbreviate-file-name (file-truename filename))))
    (or buf
	(let ((list (buffer-list)) found)
	  (while (and (not found) list)
	    (save-excursion
	      (set-buffer (car list))
	      (if (and buffer-file-name
		       (equal buffer-file-truename truename))
		  (setq found (car list))))
	    (setq list (cdr list)))
	  found)
	(let* ((attributes (file-attributes truename))
	       (number (nthcdr 10 attributes))
	       (list (buffer-list)) found)
	  (and buffer-file-numbers-unique
	       number
	       (while (and (not found) list)
		 (with-current-buffer (car list)
		   (if (and buffer-file-name
			    (equal buffer-file-number number)
			    ;; Verify this buffer's file number
			    ;; still belongs to its file.
			    (file-exists-p buffer-file-name)
			    (equal (file-attributes buffer-file-name)
				   attributes))
		       (setq found (car list))))
		 (setq list (cdr list))))
	  found))))

(defcustom find-file-wildcards t
  "*Non-nil means file-visiting commands should handle wildcards.
For example, if you specify `*.c', that would visit all the files
whose names match the pattern."
  :group 'files
;  :version "20.4"
  :type 'boolean)

(defcustom find-file-suppress-same-file-warnings nil
  "*Non-nil means suppress warning messages for symlinked files.
When nil, Emacs prints a warning when visiting a file that is already
visited, but with a different name.  Setting this option to t
suppresses this warning."
  :group 'files
;  :version "21.1"
  :type 'boolean)

(defun find-file-noselect (filename &optional nowarn rawfile wildcards)
  "Read file FILENAME into a buffer and return the buffer.
If a buffer exists visiting FILENAME, return that one, but
verify that the file has not changed since visited or saved.
The buffer is not selected, just returned to the caller.
If NOWARN is non-nil, warning messages will be suppressed.
If RAWFILE is non-nil, the file is read literally."
  (setq filename
	(abbreviate-file-name
	 (expand-file-name filename)))
  (if (file-directory-p filename)
      (or (and find-file-run-dired
	       (loop for fn in find-directory-functions
		 for x = (and (fboundp fn)
			      (funcall fn
				       (if find-file-use-truenames
					   (abbreviate-file-name
					    (file-truename filename))
					 filename)))
		 if x
		 return x))
	  (error "%s is a directory" filename))
    (if (and wildcards
	     find-file-wildcards
	     (not (string-match-p "\\`/:" filename))
	     (string-match-p "[[*?]" filename))
	(let ((files (condition-case nil
			 (file-expand-wildcards filename t)
		       (error (list filename))))
	      (find-file-wildcards nil))
	  (if (null files)
	      (find-file-noselect filename)
	    (mapcar #'find-file-noselect files)))
      (let* ((buf (get-file-buffer filename))
	     (truename (abbreviate-file-name (file-truename filename)))
	     (number (nthcdr 10 (file-attributes truename)))
;	   ;; Find any buffer for a file which has same truename.
;	   (other (and (not buf) (find-buffer-visiting filename)))
	     )

; 	;; Let user know if there is a buffer with the same truename.
; 	(if other
; 	    (progn
; 	      (or nowarn
; 		  find-file-suppress-same-file-warnings
; 		  (equal filename (buffer-file-name other))
; 		  (message "%s and %s are the same file"
; 			   filename (buffer-file-name other)))
; 	      ;; Optionally also find that buffer.
; 	      (if (or find-file-existing-other-name find-file-visit-truename)
; 		  (setq buf other))))

	(when (and buf
		   (or find-file-compare-truenames find-file-use-truenames)
		   (not find-file-suppress-same-file-warnings)
		   (not nowarn))
	  (save-excursion
	    (set-buffer buf)
	    (if (not (equal buffer-file-name filename))
		(message "%s and %s are the same file (%s)"
			 filename buffer-file-name
			 buffer-file-truename))))

	(if buf
	    (progn
	      (or nowarn
		  (verify-visited-file-modtime buf)
		  (cond ((not (file-exists-p filename))
			 (error "File %s no longer exists!" filename))
			;; Certain files should be reverted automatically
			;; if they have changed on disk and not in the buffer.
			((and (not (buffer-modified-p buf))
			      (dolist (rx revert-without-query nil)
				(when (string-match-p rx filename)
				  (return t))))
			 (with-current-buffer buf
			   (message "Reverting file %s..." filename)
			   (revert-buffer t t)
			   (message "Reverting file %s... done" filename)))
			((yes-or-no-p
			  (if (equal (file-name-nondirectory filename)
				       (buffer-name buf))
			      (format
			       (if (buffer-modified-p buf)
				   (gettext "File %s changed on disk.  Discard your edits? ")
				 (gettext "File %s changed on disk.  Reread from disk? "))
			       (file-name-nondirectory filename))
			    (format
			     (if (buffer-modified-p buf)
				 (gettext "File %s changed on disk.  Discard your edits in %s? ")
			       (gettext "File %s changed on disk.  Reread from disk into %s? "))
			     (file-name-nondirectory filename)
			     (buffer-name buf))))
			 (with-current-buffer buf
			   (revert-buffer t t)))))
	      (when (not (eq rawfile (not (null find-file-literally))))
		(with-current-buffer buf
		  (if (buffer-modified-p)
		      (if (y-or-n-p (if rawfile
					"Save file and revisit literally? "
				      "Save file and revisit non-literally? "))
			  (progn
			    (save-buffer)
			    (find-file-noselect-1 buf filename nowarn
						  rawfile truename number))
			(if (y-or-n-p (if rawfile
					  "Discard your edits and revisit file literally? "
					"Discard your edits and revisit file non-literally? "))
			    (find-file-noselect-1 buf filename nowarn
						  rawfile truename number)
			  (error (if rawfile "File already visited non-literally"
				   "File already visited literally"))))
		    (if (y-or-n-p (if rawfile
				      "Revisit file literally? "
				    "Revisit file non-literally? "))
			(find-file-noselect-1 buf filename nowarn
					      rawfile truename number)
		      (error (if rawfile "File already visited non-literally"
			       "File already visited literally"))))))
	      ;; Return the buffer we are using.
	      buf)
	  ;; Create a new buffer.
	  (setq buf (create-file-buffer filename))
	  ;; Catch various signals, such as QUIT, and kill the buffer
	  ;; in that case.
	  (condition-case data
	      (progn
		(set-buffer-major-mode buf)
		;; find-file-noselect-1 may use a different buffer.
		(find-file-noselect-1 buf filename nowarn
				      rawfile truename number))
	    (t
	     (kill-buffer buf)
	     (signal (car data) (cdr data)))))))))

(defun find-file-noselect-1 (buf filename nowarn rawfile truename number)
  (with-current-buffer buf
    (let ((inhibit-read-only t) error)
      (kill-local-variable 'find-file-literally)
      ;; Needed in case we are re-visiting the file with a different
      ;; text representation.
      (kill-local-variable 'buffer-file-coding-system)
      (erase-buffer)
;       (and (default-value 'enable-multibyte-characters)
; 	   (not rawfile)
; 	   (set-buffer-multibyte t))
      (condition-case ()
	  (if rawfile
	      (insert-file-contents-literally filename t)
	    (insert-file-contents filename t))
	(file-error
	 (when (and (file-exists-p filename)
		    (not (file-readable-p filename)))
	   (signal 'file-error (list "File is not readable" filename)))
	 (if rawfile
	     ;; Unconditionally set error
	     (setq error t)
	   (or
	    ;; Run find-file-not-found-hooks until one returns non-nil.
	    (run-hook-with-args-until-success 'find-file-not-found-hooks)
	    ;; If they fail too, set error.
	    (setq error t)))))
      ;; Find the file's truename, and maybe use that as visited name.
      ;; automatically computed in XEmacs, unless jka-compr was used!
      (unless buffer-file-truename
	(setq buffer-file-truename truename))
      (setq buffer-file-number number)
      (and find-file-use-truenames
	   ;; This should be in C.  Put pathname
	   ;; abbreviations that have been explicitly
	   ;; requested back into the pathname.  Most
	   ;; importantly, strip out automounter /tmp_mnt
	   ;; directories so that auto-save will work
	   (setq buffer-file-name (abbreviate-file-name buffer-file-name)))
  ;; Set buffer's default directory to that of the file.
  (setq default-directory (file-name-directory buffer-file-name))
  ;; Turn off backup files for certain file names.  Since
  ;; this is a permanent local, the major mode won't eliminate it.
  (and (not (funcall backup-enable-predicate buffer-file-name))
       (progn
	 (make-local-variable 'backup-inhibited)
	 (setq backup-inhibited t)))
  (if rawfile
      (progn
	(setq buffer-file-coding-system 'no-conversion)
	(make-local-variable 'find-file-literally)
	(setq find-file-literally t))
    (after-find-file error (not nowarn))
    (setq buf (current-buffer)))
  (current-buffer))))

(defun insert-file-contents-literally (filename &optional visit start end replace)
  "Like `insert-file-contents', but only reads in the file literally.
A buffer may be modified in several ways after reading into the buffer,
due to Emacs features such as format decoding, character code
conversion, `find-file-hooks', automatic uncompression, etc.

This function ensures that none of these modifications will take place."
  (let ((wrap-func (find-file-name-handler filename
					   'insert-file-contents-literally)))
    (if wrap-func
	(funcall wrap-func 'insert-file-contents-literally filename
		 visit start end replace)
      (let ((file-name-handler-alist nil)
	    (format-alist nil)
	    (after-insert-file-functions nil)
	    (coding-system-for-read 'binary)
	    (coding-system-for-write 'binary)
	    (find-buffer-file-type-function
	     (if (fboundp 'find-buffer-file-type)
		 (symbol-function 'find-buffer-file-type)
	       nil))
	    (inhibit-file-name-handlers '(jka-compr-handler image-file-handler))
	    (inhibit-file-name-operation 'insert-file-contents))
	(unwind-protect
	    (progn
	      (fset 'find-buffer-file-type (lambda (filename) t))
	      (insert-file-contents filename visit start end replace))
	  (if find-buffer-file-type-function
	      (fset 'find-buffer-file-type find-buffer-file-type-function)
	    (fmakunbound 'find-buffer-file-type)))))))

(defun insert-file-literally (filename)
  "Insert contents of file FILENAME into buffer after point with no conversion.

This function is meant for the user to run interactively.
Don't call it from programs!  Use `insert-file-contents-literally' instead.
\(Its calling sequence is different; see its documentation)."
  (interactive "*fInsert file literally: ")
  (if (file-directory-p filename)
      (signal 'file-error (list "Opening input file" "file is a directory"
				filename)))
  (let ((tem (insert-file-contents-literally filename)))
    (push-mark (+ (point) (car (cdr tem))))))

(defvar find-file-literally nil
  "Non-nil if this buffer was made by `find-file-literally' or equivalent.
This is a permanent local.")
(put 'find-file-literally 'permanent-local t)

(defun find-file-literally (filename)
  "Visit file FILENAME with no conversion of any kind.
Format conversion and character code conversion are both disabled,
and multibyte characters are disabled in the resulting buffer.
The major mode used is Fundamental mode regardless of the file name,
and local variable specifications in the file are ignored.
Automatic uncompression and adding a newline at the end of the
file due to `require-final-newline' is also disabled.

You cannot absolutely rely on this function to result in
visiting the file literally.  If Emacs already has a buffer
which is visiting the file, you get the existing buffer,
regardless of whether it was created literally or not.

In a Lisp program, if you want to be sure of accessing a file's
contents literally, you should create a temporary buffer and then read
the file contents into it using `insert-file-contents-literally'."
  (interactive "FFind file literally: ")
  (switch-to-buffer (find-file-noselect filename nil t)))

(defvar after-find-file-from-revert-buffer nil)

(defun after-find-file (&optional error warn noauto
				  after-find-file-from-revert-buffer
				  nomodes)
  "Called after finding a file and by the default revert function.
Sets buffer mode, parses local variables.
Optional args ERROR, WARN, and NOAUTO: ERROR non-nil means there was an
error in reading the file.  WARN non-nil means warn if there
exists an auto-save file more recent than the visited file.
NOAUTO means don't mess with auto-save mode.
Fourth arg AFTER-FIND-FILE-FROM-REVERT-BUFFER non-nil
 means this call was from `revert-buffer'.
Fifth arg NOMODES non-nil means don't alter the file's modes.
Finishes by calling the functions in `find-file-hooks'
unless NOMODES is non-nil."
  (setq buffer-read-only (not (file-writable-p buffer-file-name)))
  (if noninteractive
      nil
    (let* (not-serious
	   (msg
	    (cond
	     ((not warn) nil)
	     ((and error (file-attributes buffer-file-name))
	      (setq buffer-read-only t)
	      (gettext "File exists, but cannot be read."))
	     ((not buffer-read-only)
	      (if (and warn
		       (file-newer-than-file-p (make-auto-save-file-name)
					       buffer-file-name))
		  (format "%s has auto save data; consider M-x recover-file"
			  (file-name-nondirectory buffer-file-name))
		(setq not-serious t)
		(if error (gettext "(New file)") nil)))
	     ((not error)
	      (setq not-serious t)
	      (gettext "Note: file is write protected"))
	     ((file-attributes (directory-file-name default-directory))
	      (gettext "File not found and directory write-protected"))
	     ((file-exists-p (file-name-directory buffer-file-name))
	      (setq buffer-read-only nil))
	     (t
	      ;; If the directory the buffer is in doesn't exist,
	      ;; offer to create it.  It's better to do this now
	      ;; than when we save the buffer, because we want
	      ;; autosaving to work.
	      (setq buffer-read-only nil)
	      ;; XEmacs
	      (or (file-exists-p (file-name-directory buffer-file-name))
		  (condition-case nil
		      (if (yes-or-no-p
			   (format
			    "\
The directory containing %s does not exist.  Create? "
			    (abbreviate-file-name buffer-file-name)))
			  (make-directory (file-name-directory
					   buffer-file-name)
					  t)
			(kill-buffer (current-buffer)))
		    (quit
		     (kill-buffer (current-buffer))
		     (signal 'quit nil))))
	      nil))))
      (if msg
	  (progn
	    (message "%s" msg)
	    (or not-serious (sit-for 1 t)))))
    (when (and auto-save-default (not noauto))
	(auto-save-mode t)))
  ;; Make people do a little extra work (C-x C-q)
  ;; before altering a backup file.
  (when (backup-file-name-p buffer-file-name)
    (setq buffer-read-only t))
  (unless nomodes
    ;; #### No view-mode-disable.
;     (when view-read-only
;       (and-boundp 'view-mode (view-mode-disable)))
    (normal-mode t)
    ;; If requested, add a newline at the end of the file.
    (and (memq require-final-newline '(visit visit-save))
	 (> (point-max) (point-min))
	 (/= (char-after (1- (point-max))) ?\n)
	 (not (and (eq selective-display t)
		   (= (char-after (1- (point-max))) ?\r)))
	 (not buffer-read-only)
	 (save-excursion
	   (goto-char (point-max))
	   (ignore-errors (insert "\n"))))
    (when (and buffer-read-only
	       view-read-only
	       (not (eq (get major-mode 'mode-class) 'special)))
      (view-mode))
    (run-hooks 'find-file-hooks)))

(defun normal-mode (&optional find-file)
  "Choose the major mode for this buffer automatically.
Also sets up any specified local variables of the file.
Uses the visited file name, the -*- line, and the local variables spec.

This function is called automatically from `find-file'.  In that case,
we may set up the file-specified mode and local variables,
depending on the value of `enable-local-variables': if it is t, we do;
if it is nil, we don't; otherwise, we query.
In addition, if `local-enable-local-variables' is nil, we do
not set local variables (though we do notice a mode specified with -*-.)

`enable-local-variables' is ignored if you run `normal-mode' interactively,
or from Lisp without specifying the optional argument FIND-FILE;
in that case, this function acts as if `enable-local-variables' were t."
  (interactive)
  (or find-file (funcall (or default-major-mode 'fundamental-mode)))
  (and (with-trapping-errors
	 :operation "File mode specification"
	 :class 'file-mode-spec
	 :error-form nil
	 (set-auto-mode)
	 t)
       (with-trapping-errors
	 :operation "File local-variables"
	 :class 'local-variables
	 :error-form nil
	 ;; FSF 21.2:
; 	 (let ((enable-local-variables (or (not find-file)
; 					   enable-local-variables)))
; 	   (hack-local-variables))
	 (hack-local-variables (not find-file)))))

;; END SYNC WITH FSF 21.2.

;; `auto-mode-alist' used to contain entries for modes in core and in packages.
;; The applicable entries are now located in the corresponding modes in
;; packages, the ones here are for core modes.  Ditto for
;; `interpreter-mode-alist' below.
;; Per Abrahamsen suggested splitting auto-mode-alist to
;; several distinct variables such as, in order of precedence,
;; `user-auto-mode-alist' for users, `package-auto-mode-alist' for
;; packages and `auto-mode-alist' (which might also be called
;; `default-auto-mode-alist') for default stuff, such as some of the
;; entries below.

(defvar auto-mode-alist
  '(("\\.te?xt\\'" . text-mode)
    ("\\.el\\'" . emacs-lisp-mode)
    ("\\.c?l\\(?:i?sp\\)?\\'" . lisp-mode)
    ("\\.article\\'" . text-mode)
    ("\\.letter\\'" . text-mode)
    ;; Mailer puts message to be edited in /tmp/Re.... or Message
    ;; #### Unix-specific!
    ("\\`/tmp/Re" . text-mode)
    ("/Message[0-9]*\\'" . text-mode)
    ;; some news reader is reported to use this
    ("^/tmp/fol/" . text-mode)
    ;; .emacs following a directory delimiter in either Unix or
    ;; Windows syntax.
    ("[/\\][._].*emacs\\'" . emacs-lisp-mode)
    ("\\.ml\\'" . lisp-mode)
    )
"Alist of filename patterns vs. corresponding major mode functions.
Each element looks like (REGEXP . FUNCTION) or (REGEXP FUNCTION NON-NIL).
\(NON-NIL stands for anything that is not nil; the value does not matter.)
Visiting a file whose name matches REGEXP specifies FUNCTION as the
mode function to use.  FUNCTION will be called, unless it is nil.

If the element has the form (REGEXP FUNCTION NON-NIL), then after
calling FUNCTION (if it's not nil), we delete the suffix that matched
REGEXP and search the list again for another match.")

(defvar interpreter-mode-alist
  '(("emacs" . emacs-lisp-mode))
  "Alist mapping interpreter names to major modes.
This alist is used to guess the major mode of a file based on the
contents of the first line.  This line often contains something like:
#!/bin/sh
but may contain something more imaginative like
#! /bin/env python
or
eval 'exec perl -w -S $0 ${1+\"$@\"}'.

Each alist element looks like (INTERPRETER . MODE).
The car of each element is a regular expression which is compared
with the name of the interpreter specified in the first line.
If it matches, mode MODE is selected.")

(defvar binary-file-regexps
  '("\\.\\(?:7[Zz]\\|ARC\\|E\\(?:AR\\|XE\\)\\|JAR\\|LZH\\|RAR\\|WAR\\|XPI\\|Z\\(?:IP\\|OO\\)\\|arc\\|bz2\\|e\\(?:ar\\|xe\\)\\|g\\(?:if\\|z\\)\\|j\\(?:ar\\|p\\(?:e?g\\)\\)\\|l\\(?:ha\\|zh\\)\\|odt\\|p\\(?:bm\\|df\\|gm\\|n[gm]\\|pm\\)\\|sx[cdimw]\\|t\\(?:ar\\|gz\\|iff\\)\\|war\\|xpi\\|z\\(?:ip\\|oo\\)\\|[Zo]\\)\\'")
  "List of regexps of filenames containing binary (non-text) data.")
;   (eval-when-compile
;     (require 'regexp-opt)
;     (list
;      (format "\\.\\(?:%s\\)\\'"
;	      (regexp-opt
;               '("7Z" "7z" "ARC" "EAR" "EXE" "JAR" "LZH" "RAR" "WAR" "XPI" "Z"
;                 "ZIP" "ZOO" "arc" "bz2" "ear" "exe" "gif" "gz" "jar"
;                 "jpeg" "jpg" "lha" "lzh" "o" "odt" "pbm" "pdf" "pgm" "png"
;                 "pnm" "ppm" "sxc" "sxd" "sxi" "sxm" "sxw" "tar" "tgz"
;                 "tiff" "war" "xpi" "zip" "zoo")))))

(defvar inhibit-first-line-modes-regexps
  binary-file-regexps
  "List of regexps; if one matches a file name, don't look for `-*-'.")

(defvar inhibit-first-line-modes-suffixes nil
  "List of regexps for what to ignore, for `inhibit-first-line-modes-regexps'.
When checking `inhibit-first-line-modes-regexps', we first discard
from the end of the file name anything that matches one of these regexps.")

;; Junk from FSF 21.2.  Unnecessary in XEmacs, since `interpreter-mode-alist'
;; can have regexps.
; (defvar auto-mode-interpreter-regexp
;   "#![ \t]?\\([^ \t\n]*\
; /bin/env[ \t]\\)?\\([^ \t\n]+\\)"
;   "Regular expression matching interpreters, for file mode determination.
; This regular expression is matched against the first line of a file
; to determine the file's mode in `set-auto-mode' when Emacs can't deduce
; a mode from the file's name.  If it matches, the file is assumed to
; be interpreted by the interpreter matched by the second group of the
; regular expression.  The mode is then determined as the mode associated
; with that interpreter in `interpreter-mode-alist'.")

(defvar user-init-file
  nil ; set by command-line
  "File name including directory of user's initialization file.")

(defun set-auto-mode (&optional just-from-file-name)
  "Select major mode appropriate for current buffer.
This checks for a -*- mode tag in the buffer's text,
compares the filename against the entries in `auto-mode-alist',
or checks the interpreter that runs this file against
`interpreter-mode-alist'.

It does not check for the `mode:' local variable in the
Local Variables section of the file; for that, use `hack-local-variables'.

If `enable-local-variables' is nil, this function does not check for a
-*- mode tag.

If the optional argument JUST-FROM-FILE-NAME is non-nil,
then we do not set anything but the major mode,
and we don't even do that unless it would come from the file name."
  (save-excursion
    ;; Look for -*-MODENAME-*- or -*- ... mode: MODENAME; ... -*-
    ;; Do this by calling the hack-local-variables helper to avoid redundancy.
    ;; We bind enable-local-variables to nil this time because we're going to
    ;; call hack-local-variables-prop-line again later, "for real."  Note that
    ;; this temporary binding does not prevent hack-local-variables-prop-line
    ;; from setting the major mode.
    (or (and enable-local-variables
	     (let ((enable-local-variables nil))
	       (hack-local-variables-prop-line nil))
	     )
	;; It's not in the -*- line, so check the auto-mode-alist, unless
	;; this buffer isn't associated with a file.
	(null buffer-file-name)
	(let ((name (file-name-sans-versions buffer-file-name))
              (keep-going t))
          (while keep-going
            (setq keep-going nil)
            (let ((alist auto-mode-alist)
		  (mode nil) match-beginning)
              ;; Find first matching alist entry.
	      (let ((case-fold-search (file-system-ignore-case-p name)))
		(while (and (not mode) alist)
		  (if (setq match-beginning
			    (string-match-p (car (car alist)) name))
		      (if (and (consp (cdr (car alist)))
			       (nth 2 (car alist)))
			  (progn
			    (setq mode (car (cdr (car alist)))
				  name (substring name 0 match-beginning)
				  keep-going t))
			(setq mode (cdr (car alist))
			      keep-going nil)))
		  (setq alist (cdr alist))))
	      (unless just-from-file-name
		;; If we can't deduce a mode from the file name,
		;; look for an interpreter specified in the first line.
		(if (and (null mode)
			 (save-excursion ; XEmacs
			   (goto-char (point-min))
			   (looking-at-p "#!")))
		    (let ((firstline
			   (buffer-substring
			    (point-min)
			    (save-excursion
			      (goto-char (point-min)) (end-of-line) (point)))))
		      (setq alist interpreter-mode-alist)
		      (while alist
			(if (string-match-p (car (car alist)) firstline)
			    (progn
			      (setq mode (cdr (car alist)))
			      (setq alist nil))
			  (setq alist (cdr alist)))))))
              (if mode
		  (if (not (fboundp mode))
                      (let ((name (package-get-package-provider mode)))
                        (if name
                            (message "Mode %s is not installed.  Download package %s" mode name)
                          (message "Mode %s either doesn't exist or is not a known package" mode))
                        (sit-for 2)
                        (error "%s" mode))
		    (unless (and just-from-file-name
				 (or
				  ;; Don't reinvoke major mode.
				  (eq mode major-mode)
				  ;; Don't lose on minor modes.
				  (assq mode minor-mode-alist)))
		      (funcall mode))))))))))

(defvar hack-local-variables-hook nil
  "Normal hook run after processing a file's local variables specs.
Major modes can use this to examine user-specified local variables
in order to initialize other data structure based on them.

This hook runs even if there were no local variables or if their
evaluation was suppressed.  See also `enable-local-variables' and
`enable-local-eval'.")

(defun hack-local-variables (&optional force)
  "Parse, and bind or evaluate as appropriate, any local variables
for current buffer."
  ;; Don't look for -*- if this file name matches any
  ;; of the regexps in inhibit-first-line-modes-regexps.
  (if (or (null buffer-file-name) ; don't lose if buffer has no file!
	  (not (let ((temp inhibit-first-line-modes-regexps)
		     (name (if buffer-file-name
			       (file-name-sans-versions buffer-file-name)
			     (buffer-name)))
                     match-beginning)
		 (while (let ((sufs inhibit-first-line-modes-suffixes))
			  (while (and sufs (not
					    (setq match-beginning
                                                  (string-match-p (car sufs)
                                                                  name))))
			    (setq sufs (cdr sufs)))
			  sufs)
		   (setq name (substring name 0 match-beginning)))
		 (while (and temp (not (string-match-p (car temp) name)))
		   (setq temp (cdr temp)))
                 temp)))
      (progn
        ;; Look for variables in the -*- line.
        (hack-local-variables-prop-line force)
        ;; Look for "Local variables:" block in last page.
        (hack-local-variables-last-page force)))
  (run-hooks 'hack-local-variables-hook))

;;; Local variables may be specified in the last page of the file (within 3k
;;; from the end of the file and after the last ^L) in the form
;;;
;;;   Local variables:
;;;   variable-name: variable-value
;;;   end:
;;;
;;; The lines may begin with a common prefix, like ";;;   " in the above
;;; example.  They may also have a common suffix (" */" for example).  In
;;; this form, the local variable "mode" can be used to change the major
;;; mode, and the local variable "eval" can be used to evaluate an arbitrary
;;; form.
;;;
;;; Local variables may also be specified in the first line of the file.
;;; Embedded in this line are a pair of "-*-" sequences.  What lies between
;;; them are variable-name/variable-value pairs, like:
;;;
;;;	 -*- mode: emacs-lisp -*-
;;; or	 -*- mode: postscript; version-control: never -*-
;;; or	 -*- tags-file-name: "/foo/bar/TAGS" -*-
;;;
;;; The local variable "eval" is not used with this form. For hysterical
;;; reasons, the syntax "-*- modename -*-" is allowed as well.
;;;

(defun hack-local-variables-p (modeline)
  (or (eq enable-local-variables t)
      (and enable-local-variables
           (save-window-excursion
             (condition-case nil
                 (switch-to-buffer (current-buffer))
               (error
                ;; If we fail to switch in the selected window,
                ;; it is probably a minibuffer.
                ;; So try another window.
                (condition-case nil
                    (switch-to-buffer-other-window (current-buffer))
                  (error
                   (switch-to-buffer-other-frame (current-buffer))))))
             (or modeline (save-excursion
                             (beginning-of-line)
                             (set-window-start (selected-window) (point))))
             (y-or-n-p (format
                        "Set local variables as specified %s of %s? "
                        (if modeline "in -*- line" "at end")
                        (if buffer-file-name
                            (file-name-nondirectory buffer-file-name)
                            (concat "buffer " (buffer-name)))))))))

(defun hack-local-variables-last-page (&optional force)
  ;; Set local variables set in the "Local Variables:" block of the last page.
  (save-excursion
    (goto-char (point-max))
    (search-backward "\n\^L" (max (- (point-max) 3000) (point-min)) 'move)
    (if (let ((case-fold-search t))
	  (and (search-forward "Local Variables:" nil t)
	       (or force
                   (hack-local-variables-p nil))))
	(let ((continue t)
	      prefix prefixlen suffix start
              (enable-local-eval enable-local-eval))
	  ;; The prefix is what comes before "local variables:" in its line.
	  ;; The suffix is what comes after "local variables:" in its line.
	  (skip-chars-forward " \t")
	  (or (eolp)
	      (setq suffix (buffer-substring (point)
					     (progn (end-of-line) (point)))))
	  (goto-char (match-beginning 0))
	  (or (bolp)
	      (setq prefix
		    (buffer-substring (point)
				      (progn (beginning-of-line) (point)))))
	  (if prefix (setq prefixlen (length prefix)
			   prefix (regexp-quote prefix)))
	  (if suffix (setq suffix (concat (regexp-quote suffix) "$")))
	  (while continue
	    ;; Look at next local variable spec.
	    (if selective-display (re-search-forward "[\n\C-m]")
	      (forward-line 1))
	    ;; Skip the prefix, if any.
	    (if prefix
		(if (looking-at-p prefix)
		    (forward-char prefixlen)
		  (error "Local variables entry is missing the prefix")))
	    ;; Find the variable name; strip whitespace.
	    (skip-chars-forward " \t")
	    (setq start (point))
	    (skip-chars-forward "^:\n")
	    (if (eolp) (error "Missing colon in local variables entry"))
	    (skip-chars-backward " \t")
	    (let* ((str (buffer-substring start (point)))
		   (var (read str))
		  val)
	      ;; Setting variable named "end" means end of list.
	      (if (equalp str "end")
		  (setq continue nil)
		;; Otherwise read the variable value.
		(skip-chars-forward "^:")
		(forward-char 1)
		(setq val (read (current-buffer)))
		(skip-chars-backward "\n")
		(skip-chars-forward " \t")
		(or (if suffix (looking-at-p suffix) (eolp))
		    (error "Local variables entry is terminated incorrectly"))
		;; Set the variable.  "Variables" mode and eval are funny.
                (hack-one-local-variable var val))))))))

;; jwz - New Version 20.1/19.15
(defun hack-local-variables-prop-line (&optional force)
  ;; Set local variables specified in the -*- line.
  ;; Returns t if mode was set.
  (let ((result nil))
    (save-excursion
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (skip-chars-forward " \t\n\r")
      (let ((end (save-excursion
		   ;; If the file begins with "#!"
		   ;; (un*x exec interpreter magic), look
		   ;; for mode frobs in the first two
		   ;; lines.  You cannot necessarily
		   ;; put them in the first line of
		   ;; such a file without screwing up
		   ;; the interpreter invocation.
		   (end-of-line (and (looking-at-p "^#!") 2))
		   (point))))
	;; Parse the -*- line into the `result' alist.
	(cond ((not (search-forward "-*-" end t))
	       ;; doesn't have one.
	       (setq force t))
	      ((looking-at "[ \t]*\\([^ \t\n\r:;]+?\\)\\([ \t]*-\\*-\\)")
	       ;; Antiquated form: "-*- ModeName -*-".
	       (setq result
		     (list (cons 'mode
				 (intern (buffer-substring
					  (match-beginning 1)
					  (match-end 1)))))
		     ))
	      (t
	       ;; Usual form: '-*-' [ <variable> ':' <value> ';' ]* '-*-'
	       ;; (last ";" is optional).
	       (save-excursion
		 (if (search-forward "-*-" end t)
		     (setq end (- (point) 3))
		   (error "-*- not terminated before end of line")))
	       (while (< (point) end)
		 (or (looking-at "[ \t]*\\([^ \t\n:]+\\)[ \t]*:[ \t]*")
		     (error "malformed -*- line"))
		 (goto-char (match-end 0))
		 ;; There used to be a downcase here,
		 ;; but the manual didn't say so,
		 ;; and people want to set var names that aren't all lc.
		 (let ((key (intern (buffer-substring
				     (match-beginning 1)
				     (match-end 1))))
		       (val (save-restriction
			      (narrow-to-region (point) end)
			      (read (current-buffer)))))
		   ;; Case sensitivity!  Icepicks in my forehead!
		   (if (equalp (symbol-name key) "mode")
		       (setq key 'mode))
		   (setq result (cons (cons key val) result))
		   (skip-chars-forward " \t;")))
	       (setq result (nreverse result))))))

    (let ((set-any-p (or force
			 ;; It's OK to force null specifications.
			 (null result)
			 ;; It's OK to force mode-only specifications.
			 (let ((remaining result)
			       (mode-specs-only t))
			   (while remaining
			     (if (eq (car (car remaining)) 'mode)
				 (setq remaining (cdr remaining))
			       ;; Otherwise, we have a real local.
			       (setq mode-specs-only nil
				     remaining nil))
			     )
			   mode-specs-only)
			 ;; Otherwise, check.
			 (hack-local-variables-p t)))
	  (mode-p nil))
      (while result
	(let ((key (car (car result)))
	      (val (cdr (car result))))
	  (cond ((eq key 'mode)
		 (setq mode-p t)
		 (let ((mode (intern (concat (downcase (symbol-name val))
					     "-mode"))))
		   ;; Without this guard, `normal-mode' would potentially run
		   ;; the major mode function twice: once via `set-auto-mode'
		   ;; and once via `hack-local-variables'.
		   (if (and (not (eq mode major-mode)) (fboundp mode))
		       (funcall mode))
		   ))
		(set-any-p
		 (hack-one-local-variable key val))
		(t
		 nil)))
	(setq result (cdr result)))
      mode-p)))

;; BEGIN SYNC WITH FSF 21.2.

(defconst ignored-local-variables
  (list 'enable-local-eval)
  "Variables to be ignored in a file's local variable spec.")

;; Get confirmation before setting these variables as locals in a file.
(put 'debugger 'risky-local-variable t)
(put 'enable-local-eval 'risky-local-variable t)
(put 'ignored-local-variables 'risky-local-variable t)
(put 'eval 'risky-local-variable t)
(put 'file-name-handler-alist 'risky-local-variable t)
(put 'minor-mode-map-alist 'risky-local-variable t)
(put 'after-load-alist 'risky-local-variable t)
(put 'buffer-file-name 'risky-local-variable t)
(put 'buffer-auto-save-file-name 'risky-local-variable t)
(put 'buffer-file-truename 'risky-local-variable t)
(put 'exec-path 'risky-local-variable t)
(put 'load-path 'risky-local-variable t)
(put 'exec-directory 'risky-local-variable t)
(put 'process-environment 'risky-local-variable t)
(put 'dabbrev-case-fold-search 'risky-local-variable t)
(put 'dabbrev-case-replace 'risky-local-variable t)
;; Don't wait for outline.el to be loaded, for the sake of outline-minor-mode.
(put 'outline-level 'risky-local-variable t)
(put 'rmail-output-file-alist 'risky-local-variable t)

;; This one is safe because the user gets to check it before it is used.
(put 'compile-command 'safe-local-variable t)

(defun hack-one-local-variable-quotep (exp)
  (and (consp exp) (eq (car exp) 'quote) (consp (cdr exp))))

(defun hack-one-local-variable (var val)
  "\"Set\" one variable in a local variables spec.
A few variable names are treated specially."
  (cond ((eq var 'mode)
	 (and (fboundp (setq val (intern (concat (downcase (symbol-name val))
						 "-mode"))))
	      (funcall val)))
	((eq var 'coding)
	 ;; We have already handled the coding local variable in the coding
	 ;; detection in file-coding.c.
	 nil)
	((memq var ignored-local-variables)
	 nil)
	;; "Setting" eval means either eval it or do nothing.
	;; Likewise for setting hook variables.
	((or (get var 'risky-local-variable)
	     (and
	      (string-match-p "-hooks?$\\|-functions?$\\|-forms?$\\|-program$\\|-command$\\|-predicate$"
			    (symbol-name var))
	      (not (get var 'safe-local-variable))))
	 ;; Permit evalling a put of a harmless property.
	 ;; if the args do nothing tricky.
	 (if (or (and (eq var 'eval)
		      (consp val)
		      (eq (car val) 'put)
		      (hack-one-local-variable-quotep (nth 1 val))
		      (hack-one-local-variable-quotep (nth 2 val))
		      ;; Only allow safe values of lisp-indent-hook;
		      ;; not functions.
		      (or (numberp (nth 3 val))
			  (equal (nth 3 val) ''defun))
		      (memq (nth 1 (nth 2 val))
			    '(lisp-indent-hook)))
		 ;; Permit eval if not root and user says ok.
		 (and (not (zerop (user-uid)))
		      (or (eq enable-local-eval t)
			  (and enable-local-eval
			       (save-window-excursion
				 (switch-to-buffer (current-buffer))
				 (save-excursion
				   (beginning-of-line)
				   (set-window-start (selected-window) (point)))
				 (setq enable-local-eval
				       (y-or-n-p (format "Process `eval' or hook local variables in %s? "
							 (if buffer-file-name
							     (concat "file " (file-name-nondirectory buffer-file-name))
							   (concat "buffer " (buffer-name)))))))))))
	     (if (eq var 'eval)
		 (save-excursion (eval val))
	       (make-local-variable var)
	       (set var val))
	   (message "Ignoring `eval:' in the local variables list")))
	;; Ordinary variable, really set it.
	(t (make-local-variable var)
	   (set var val))))


(defcustom change-major-mode-with-file-name t
  "*Non-nil means \\[write-file] should set the major mode from the file name.
However, the mode will not be changed if
\(1) a local variables list or the `-*-' line specifies a major mode, or
\(2) the current major mode is a \"special\" mode,
\    not suitable for ordinary files, or
\(3) the new file name does not particularly specify any mode."
  :type 'boolean
  :group 'editing-basics)

(defun set-visited-file-name (filename &optional no-query along-with-file)
  "Change name of file visited in current buffer to FILENAME.
The next time the buffer is saved it will go in the newly specified file.
nil or empty string as argument means make buffer not be visiting any file.
Remember to delete the initial contents of the minibuffer
if you wish to pass an empty string as the argument.

The optional second argument NO-QUERY, if non-nil, inhibits asking for
confirmation in the case where another buffer is already visiting FILENAME.

The optional third argument ALONG-WITH-FILE, if non-nil, means that
the old visited file has been renamed to the new name FILENAME."
  (interactive "FSet visited file name: ")
  (if (buffer-base-buffer)
      (error "An indirect buffer cannot visit a file"))
  (let (truename)
    (if filename
	(setq filename
	      (if (equal filename "")
		  nil
		(expand-file-name filename))))
    (if filename
	(progn
	  (setq truename (file-truename filename))
	  ;; #### Do we need to check if truename is non-nil?
	  (if find-file-use-truenames
	      (setq filename truename))))
    (let ((buffer (and filename (find-buffer-visiting filename))))
      (and buffer (not (eq buffer (current-buffer)))
	   (not no-query)
	   (not (y-or-n-p (message "A buffer is visiting %s; proceed? "
				   filename)))
	   (error "Aborted")))
    (or (equal filename buffer-file-name)
	(progn
	  (and filename (lock-buffer filename))
	  (unlock-buffer)))
    (setq buffer-file-name filename)
    (if filename			; make buffer name reflect filename.
	(let ((new-name (file-name-nondirectory buffer-file-name)))
	  (if (equal new-name "")
	      (error "Empty file name"))
	  (setq default-directory (file-name-directory buffer-file-name))
	  (or (equal new-name (buffer-name))
	      (rename-buffer new-name t))))
    (setq buffer-backed-up nil)
    (or along-with-file
	(clear-visited-file-modtime))
    (compute-buffer-file-truename) ; insert-file-contents does this too.
;    ;; Abbreviate the file names of the buffer.
;    (if truename
;	 (progn
;	   (setq buffer-file-truename (abbreviate-file-name truename))
;	   (if find-file-visit-truename
;	       (setq buffer-file-name buffer-file-truename))))
    (setq buffer-file-number
	  (if filename
	      (nthcdr 10 (file-attributes buffer-file-name))
	      nil)))
  ;; write-file-hooks is normally used for things like ftp-find-file
  ;; that visit things that are not local files as if they were files.
  ;; Changing to visit an ordinary local file instead should flush the hook.
  (kill-local-variable 'write-file-hooks)
  (kill-local-variable 'after-save-hook)
  (kill-local-variable 'local-write-file-hooks)
  (kill-local-variable 'write-file-data-hooks)
  (kill-local-variable 'revert-buffer-function)
  (kill-local-variable 'backup-inhibited)
  ;; If buffer was read-only because of version control,
  ;; that reason is gone now, so make it writable.
  (if-boundp 'vc-mode
      (progn
	(if vc-mode
	    (setq buffer-read-only nil))
	(kill-local-variable 'vc-mode)))
  ;; Turn off backup files for certain file names.
  ;; Since this is a permanent local, the major mode won't eliminate it.
  (and buffer-file-name
       (not (funcall backup-enable-predicate buffer-file-name))
       (progn
	 (make-local-variable 'backup-inhibited)
	 (setq backup-inhibited t)))
  (let ((oauto buffer-auto-save-file-name))
    ;; If auto-save was not already on, turn it on if appropriate.
    (if (not buffer-auto-save-file-name)
	(and buffer-file-name auto-save-default
	     (auto-save-mode t))
      ;; If auto save is on, start using a new name.
      ;; We deliberately don't rename or delete the old auto save
      ;; for the old visited file name.  This is because perhaps
      ;; the user wants to save the new state and then compare with the
      ;; previous state from the auto save file.
      (setq buffer-auto-save-file-name
	    (make-auto-save-file-name)))
    ;; Rename the old auto save file if any.
    (and oauto buffer-auto-save-file-name
	 (file-exists-p oauto)
	 (rename-file oauto buffer-auto-save-file-name t)))
  (if buffer-file-name
      (not along-with-file)
      (set-buffer-modified-p t))
  ;; Update the major mode, if the file name determines it.
  (condition-case nil
      ;; Don't change the mode if it is special.
      (or (not change-major-mode-with-file-name)
	  (get major-mode 'mode-class)
	  ;; Don't change the mode if the local variable list specifies it.
	  (hack-local-variables t)
	  (set-auto-mode t))
    (error nil))
  ;; #### ?? not in FSF.
  (run-hooks 'after-set-visited-file-name-hooks))

(defun write-file (filename &optional confirm codesys)
  "Write current buffer into file FILENAME.
This makes the buffer visit that file, and marks it as not modified.

If you specify just a directory name as FILENAME, that means to use
the default file name but in that directory.  You can also yank
the default file name into the minibuffer to edit it, using M-n.

If the buffer is not already visiting a file, the default file name
for the output file is the buffer name.

If optional second arg CONFIRM is non-nil, this function
asks for confirmation before overwriting an existing file.
Interactively, this is always the case.

Optional third argument specifies the coding system to use when encoding
the file.  Interactively, with a prefix argument, you will be prompted for
the coding system."
;;  (interactive "FWrite file: ")
  (interactive
   (list (if buffer-file-name
	     (read-file-name "Write file: "
				 nil nil nil nil)
	   (read-file-name "Write file: " default-directory
			   (expand-file-name
			    (file-name-nondirectory (buffer-name))
			    default-directory)
			   nil nil))
	 t
	 (if current-prefix-arg (read-coding-system "Coding system: "))))
  (and (eq (current-buffer) mouse-grabbed-buffer)
       (error "Can't write minibuffer window"))
  (or (eql 0 (length filename))
      (progn
	;; If arg is just a directory,
	;; use the default file name, but in that directory.
	(if (file-directory-p filename)
	    (setq filename (concat (file-name-as-directory filename)
				   (file-name-nondirectory
				    (or buffer-file-name (buffer-name))))))
	(and confirm
	     (file-exists-p filename)
	     (or (y-or-n-p (format "File `%s' exists; overwrite? " filename))
		 (error "Canceled")))
	(set-visited-file-name filename (not confirm))))
  (set-buffer-modified-p t)
  ;; Make buffer writable if file is writable.
  (and buffer-file-name
       (file-writable-p buffer-file-name)
       (setq buffer-read-only nil))
  (if codesys
      (let ((buffer-file-coding-system (get-coding-system codesys)))
	(save-buffer))
    (save-buffer)))


(defun backup-buffer ()
  "Make a backup of the disk file visited by the current buffer, if appropriate.
This is normally done before saving the buffer the first time.
If the value is non-nil, it is the result of `file-modes' on the original
file; this means that the caller, after saving the buffer, should change
the modes of the new file to agree with the old modes.

A backup may be done by renaming or by copying; see documentation of
variable `make-backup-files'.  If it's done by renaming, then the file is
no longer accessible under its old name."
  (if buffer-file-name
      (let ((handler (find-file-name-handler buffer-file-name 'backup-buffer)))
	(if handler
	    (funcall handler 'backup-buffer)
	  (if (and make-backup-files
		   (not backup-inhibited)
		   (not buffer-backed-up)
		   (file-exists-p buffer-file-name)
		   (memq (aref (elt (file-attributes buffer-file-name) 8) 0)
			 '(?- ?l)))
	      (let ((real-file-name buffer-file-name)
		    backup-info backupname targets setmodes)
		;; If specified name is a symbolic link, chase it to the target.
		;; Thus we make the backups in the directory where the real file is.
		(setq real-file-name (file-chase-links real-file-name))
		(setq backup-info (find-backup-file-name real-file-name)
		      backupname (car backup-info)
		      targets (cdr backup-info))
;;;     (if (file-directory-p buffer-file-name)
;;;         (error "Cannot save buffer in directory %s" buffer-file-name))
		(if backup-info
		    (condition-case ()
			(let ((delete-old-versions
			       ;; If have old versions to maybe delete,
			       ;; ask the user to confirm now, before doing anything.
			       ;; But don't actually delete till later.
			       (and targets
				    (or (eq delete-old-versions t)
					(eq delete-old-versions nil))
				    (or delete-old-versions
					(y-or-n-p (format "Delete excess backup versions of %s? "
							  real-file-name))))))
			  ;; Actually write the back up file.
			  (condition-case ()
			      (if (or file-precious-flag
					;			  (file-symlink-p buffer-file-name)
				      backup-by-copying
				      (and backup-by-copying-when-linked
					   (> (file-nlinks real-file-name) 1))
				      (and (or backup-by-copying-when-mismatch
					       (integerp backup-by-copying-when-privileged-mismatch))
					   (let ((attr (file-attributes real-file-name)))
					     (and (or backup-by-copying-when-mismatch
						      (and (integerp (nth 2 attr))
							   (integerp backup-by-copying-when-privileged-mismatch)
							   (<= (nth 2 attr) backup-by-copying-when-privileged-mismatch)))
						  (or (nth 9 attr)
						      (not (file-ownership-preserved-p real-file-name)))))))
				  (condition-case ()
				      (copy-file real-file-name backupname t t)
				    (file-error
				     ;; If copying fails because file BACKUPNAME
				     ;; is not writable, delete that file and try again.
				     (if (and (file-exists-p backupname)
					      (not (file-writable-p backupname)))
					 (delete-file backupname))
				     (copy-file real-file-name backupname t t)))
				;; rename-file should delete old backup.
				(rename-file real-file-name backupname t)
				(setq setmodes (file-modes backupname)))
			    (file-error
			     ;; If trouble writing the backup, write
			     ;; it in `auto-save-directory'.  Fall
			     ;; back to $HOME if that's not possible.
			     (setq backupname
				   (expand-file-name "%backup%~"
						     (or (when (and auto-save-directory
								    (file-writable-p auto-save-directory))
							   auto-save-directory)
							 (getenv "HOME"))))
			     (lwarn 'file 'alert "Cannot write backup file; backing up in %s"
				    (file-name-nondirectory backupname))
			     (sleep-for 1)
			     (condition-case ()
				 (copy-file real-file-name backupname t t)
			       (file-error
				;; If copying fails because file BACKUPNAME
				;; is not writable, delete that file and try again.
				(if (and (file-exists-p backupname)
					 (not (file-writable-p backupname)))
				    (delete-file backupname))
				(copy-file real-file-name backupname t t)))))
			  (setq buffer-backed-up t)
			  ;; Now delete the old versions, if desired.
			  (if delete-old-versions
			      (while targets
				(ignore-file-errors (delete-file (car targets)))
				(setq targets (cdr targets))))
			  setmodes)
		      (file-error nil)))))))))

(defun file-name-sans-versions (name &optional keep-backup-version)
  "Return FILENAME sans backup versions or strings.
This is a separate procedure so your site-init or startup file can
redefine it.
If the optional argument KEEP-BACKUP-VERSION is non-nil,
we do not remove backup version numbers, only true file version numbers."
  (let ((handler (find-file-name-handler name 'file-name-sans-versions)))
    (if handler
	(funcall handler 'file-name-sans-versions name keep-backup-version)
      (substring name 0
		 (if keep-backup-version
		     (length name)
		   (or (string-match-p "\\.~[0-9.]+~\\'" name)
		       ;; XEmacs - VC uses extensions like ".~tagname~" or ".~1.1.5.2~"
		       (let ((pos (string-match-p
				   "\\.~\\([^.~ \t]+\\|[0-9.]+\\)~\\'" name)))
			 (and pos
			      ;; #### - is this filesystem check too paranoid?
			      (file-exists-p (substring name 0 pos))
			      pos))
		       (string-match-p "~\\'" name)
		       (length name)))))))

(defun file-ownership-preserved-p (file)
  "Return t if deleting FILE and rewriting it would preserve the owner."
  (let ((handler (find-file-name-handler file 'file-ownership-preserved-p)))
    (if handler
	(funcall handler 'file-ownership-preserved-p file)
      (let ((attributes (file-attributes file)))
	;; Return t if the file doesn't exist, since it's true that no
	;; information would be lost by an (attempted) delete and create.
	(or (null attributes)
	    (= (nth 2 attributes) (user-uid)))))))

(defun file-name-sans-extension (filename)
  "Return FILENAME sans final \"extension\".
The extension, in a file name, is the part that follows the last `.'."
  (let* ((file (file-name-sans-versions (file-name-nondirectory filename)))
         (position (position ?. file :from-end t))
         (directory (and position (file-name-directory filename))))
    (if position
        (if directory
            (expand-file-name (subseq file 0 position) directory)
          (subseq file 0 position))
      filename)))

(defun file-name-extension (filename &optional period)
  "Return FILENAME's final \"extension\".
The extension, in a file name, is the part that follows the last `.'.
Return nil for extensionless file names such as `foo'.
Return the empty string for file names such as `foo.'

If PERIOD is non-nil, then the returned value includes the period
that delimits the extension, and if FILENAME has no extension,
the value is \"\"."
  (let* ((file (file-name-sans-versions (file-name-nondirectory filename)))
         (position (position ?. file :from-end t)))
    (if (and position (not (eql position 0)))
        (subseq file (+ position (if period 0 1)))
      (if period ""))))

(defcustom make-backup-file-name-function nil
  "A function to use instead of the default `make-backup-file-name'.
A value of nil gives the default `make-backup-file-name' behaviour.

This could be buffer-local to do something special for specific
files.  If you define it, you may need to change `backup-file-name-p'
and `file-name-sans-versions' too.

See also `backup-directory-alist'."
  :group 'backup
  :type '(choice (const :tag "Default" nil)
		 (function :tag "Your function")))

(defcustom backup-directory-alist nil
  "Alist of filename patterns and backup directory names.
Each element looks like (REGEXP . DIRECTORY).  Backups of files with
names matching REGEXP will be made in DIRECTORY.  DIRECTORY may be
relative or absolute.  If it is absolute, so that all matching files
are backed up into the same directory, the file names in this
directory will be the full name of the file backed up with all
directory separators changed to `!' to prevent clashes.  This will not
work correctly if your filesystem truncates the resulting name.

For the common case of all backups going into one directory, the alist
should contain a single element pairing \".\" with the appropriate
directory name.

If this variable is nil, or it fails to match a filename, the backup
is made in the original file's directory.

On MS-DOS filesystems without long names this variable is always
ignored."
  :group 'backup
  :type '(repeat (cons (regexp :tag "Regexp matching filename")
		       (directory :tag "Backup directory name"))))

(defun make-backup-file-name (file)
  "Create the non-numeric backup file name for FILE.
Normally this will just be the file's name with `~' appended.
Customization hooks are provided as follows.

If the variable `make-backup-file-name-function' is non-nil, its value
should be a function which will be called with FILE as its argument;
the resulting name is used.

Otherwise a match for FILE is sought in `backup-directory-alist'; see
the documentation of that variable.  If the directory for the backup
doesn't exist, it is created."
  (if make-backup-file-name-function
      (funcall make-backup-file-name-function file)
;     (if (and (eq system-type 'ms-dos)
; 	     (not (msdos-long-file-names)))
; 	(let ((fn (file-name-nondirectory file)))
; 	  (concat (file-name-directory file)
; 		  (or (and (string-match "\\`[^.]+\\'" fn)
; 			   (concat (match-string 0 fn) ".~"))
; 		      (and (string-match "\\`[^.]+\\.\\(..?\\)?" fn)
; 			   (concat (match-string 0 fn) "~")))))
      (concat (make-backup-file-name-1 file) "~")))

(defun make-backup-file-name-1 (file)
  "Subroutine of `make-backup-file-name' and `find-backup-file-name'."
  (let ((alist backup-directory-alist)
	elt backup-directory)
    (while alist
      (setq elt (pop alist))
      (if (string-match-p (car elt) file)
	  (setq backup-directory (cdr elt)
		alist nil)))
    (if (null backup-directory)
	file
      (unless (file-exists-p backup-directory)
	(condition-case nil
	    (make-directory backup-directory 'parents)
	  (file-error file)))
      (if (file-name-absolute-p backup-directory)
	  (progn
	    (when (memq system-type '(windows-nt ms-dos))
	      ;; Normalize DOSish file names: convert all slashes to
	      ;; directory-sep-char, downcase the drive letter, if any,
	      ;; and replace the leading "x:" with "/drive_x".
	      (or (file-name-absolute-p file)
		  (setq file (expand-file-name file))) ; make defaults explicit
	      ;; Replace any invalid file-name characters (for the
	      ;; case of backing up remote files).
	      (setq file (expand-file-name (convert-standard-filename file)))
	      (if (eq (aref file 1) ?:)
		  (setq file (concat (list directory-sep-char)
				     "drive_"
				     (list (downcase (aref file 0)))
				     (if (eq (aref file 2) directory-sep-char)
					 ""
				       (list directory-sep-char))
				     (substring file 2)))))
	    ;; Make the name unique by substituting directory
	    ;; separators.  It may not really be worth bothering about
	    ;; doubling `!'s in the original name...
	    (expand-file-name
	     (subst-char-in-string
	      directory-sep-char ?!
	      (replace-regexp-in-string "!" "!!" file))
	     backup-directory))
	(expand-file-name (file-name-nondirectory file)
			  (file-name-as-directory
			   (expand-file-name backup-directory
					     (file-name-directory file))))))))

(defun backup-file-name-p (file)
  "Return non-nil if FILE is a backup file name (numeric or not).
This is a separate function so you can redefine it for customization.
You may need to redefine `file-name-sans-versions' as well."
  (string-match-p "~\\'" file))

(defvar backup-extract-version-start)

;; This is used in various files.
;; The usage of backup-extract-version-start is not very clean,
;; but I can't see a good alternative, so as of now I am leaving it alone.
(defun backup-extract-version (fn)
  "Given the name of a numeric backup file, FN, return the backup number.
Uses the free variable `backup-extract-version-start', whose value should be
the index in the name where the version number begins."
  (if (and backup-extract-version-start
	   (eql (string-match-p "[0-9]+~$" fn backup-extract-version-start)
		backup-extract-version-start))
      (parse-integer fn :start backup-extract-version-start
                     :end (- (length fn) 1))
    0))

;; [[ FSF 21.2 says:
;; I believe there is no need to alter this behavior for VMS;
;; since backup files are not made on VMS, it should not get called. ]]
(defun find-backup-file-name (fn)
  "Find a file name for a backup file FN, and suggestions for deletions.
Value is a list whose car is the name for the backup file
and whose cdr is a list of old versions to consider deleting now.
If the value is nil, don't make a backup.
Uses `backup-directory-alist' in the same way as does
`make-backup-file-name'."
  (let ((handler (find-file-name-handler fn 'find-backup-file-name)))
    ;; Run a handler for this function so that ange-ftp can refuse to do it.
    (if handler
	(funcall handler 'find-backup-file-name fn)
      (if (or (eq version-control 'never)
	      ;; We don't support numbered backups on plain MS-DOS
	      ;; when long file names are unavailable.
; 	      (and (eq system-type 'ms-dos)
; 		   (not (msdos-long-file-names)))
	      )
	  (list (make-backup-file-name fn))
	(let* ((basic-name (make-backup-file-name-1 fn))
	       (base-versions (concat (file-name-nondirectory basic-name)
				      ".~"))
	       (backup-extract-version-start (length base-versions))
	       (high-water-mark 0)
	       (number-to-delete 0)
	       possibilities deserve-versions-p versions)
	  (condition-case ()
	      (setq possibilities (file-name-all-completions
				   base-versions
				   (file-name-directory basic-name))
		    versions (sort (mapcar #'backup-extract-version
					   possibilities)
				   #'<)
		    high-water-mark (apply 'max 0 versions)
		    deserve-versions-p (or version-control
					   (> high-water-mark 0))
		    number-to-delete (- (length versions)
					kept-old-versions
					kept-new-versions
					-1))
	    (file-error (setq possibilities nil)))
	  (if (not deserve-versions-p)
	      (list (make-backup-file-name fn))
	    (cons (format "%s.~%d~" basic-name (1+ high-water-mark))
		  (if (and (> number-to-delete 0)
			   ;; Delete nothing if there is overflow
			   ;; in the number of versions to keep.
			   (>= (+ kept-new-versions kept-old-versions -1) 0))
		      (mapcar (lambda (n)
				(format "%s.~%d~" basic-name n))
			      (let ((v (nthcdr kept-old-versions versions)))
				(rplacd (nthcdr (1- number-to-delete) v) ())
				v))))))))))

(defun file-nlinks (filename)
  "Return number of names file FILENAME has."
  (car (cdr (file-attributes filename))))

(defun file-relative-name (filename &optional directory)
  "Convert FILENAME to be relative to DIRECTORY (default: `default-directory').
This function returns a relative file name which is equivalent to FILENAME
when used with that default directory as the default.
If this is impossible (which can happen on MS Windows when the file name
and directory use different drive names) then it returns FILENAME."
  (save-match-data
    (let ((fname (expand-file-name filename)))
      (setq directory (file-name-as-directory
		       (expand-file-name (or directory default-directory))))
      ;; On Microsoft OSes, if FILENAME and DIRECTORY have different
      ;; drive names, they can't be relative, so return the absolute name.
      (if (and (eq system-type 'windows-nt)
               (mismatch fname directory
                         :end1 (min (length fname) (length "C:"))
                         :end2 (min (length directory) (length "C:"))
			 :test #'equalp))
	  filename
	(let ((ancestor ".")
	      (fname-dir (file-name-as-directory fname)))
	  (while (and (not (string-match-p (concat "^" (regexp-quote directory))
					   fname-dir))
		      (not (string-match-p (concat "^" (regexp-quote directory))
					   fname)))
	    (setq directory (file-name-directory (substring directory 0 -1))
		  ancestor (if (equal ancestor ".")
			       ".."
			     (concat "../" ancestor))))
	  ;; Now ancestor is empty, or .., or ../.., etc.
	  (if (string-match-p (concat "^" (regexp-quote directory)) fname)
	      ;; We matched within FNAME's directory part.
	      ;; Add the rest of FNAME onto ANCESTOR.
	      (let ((rest (substring fname (length directory))))
		(if (and (equal ancestor ".") (not (equal rest "")))
		    ;; But don't bother with ANCESTOR if it would give us `./'.
		    rest
		  (concat (file-name-as-directory ancestor) rest)))
	    ;; We matched FNAME's directory equivalent.
	    ancestor))))))

(defun save-buffer (&optional args)
  "Save current buffer in visited file if modified.  Versions described below.
By default, makes the previous version into a backup file
 if previously requested or if this is the first save.
With 1 \\[universal-argument], marks this version
 to become a backup when the next save is done.
With 2 \\[universal-argument]'s,
 unconditionally makes the previous version into a backup file.
With 3 \\[universal-argument]'s, marks this version
 to become a backup when the next save is done,
 and unconditionally makes the previous version into a backup file.

With argument of 0, never make the previous version into a backup file.

If a file's name is FOO, the names of its numbered backup versions are
 FOO.~i~ for various integers i.  A non-numbered backup file is called FOO~.
Numeric backups (rather than FOO~) will be made if value of
 `version-control' is not the atom `never' and either there are already
 numeric versions of the file being backed up, or `version-control' is
 non-nil.
We don't want excessive versions piling up, so there are variables
 `kept-old-versions', which tells Emacs how many oldest versions to keep,
 and `kept-new-versions', which tells how many newest versions to keep.
 Defaults are 2 old versions and 2 new.
`dired-kept-versions' controls dired's clean-directory (.) command.
If `delete-old-versions' is nil, system will query user
 before trimming versions.  Otherwise it does it silently.

If `vc-make-backup-files' is nil, which is the default,
 no backup files are made for files managed by version control.
 (This is because the version control system itself records previous versions.)

See the subroutine `basic-save-buffer' for more information."
  (interactive "_p")
  (let ((modp (buffer-modified-p))
	(large (> (buffer-size) 50000))
	(make-backup-files (or (and make-backup-files (not (eq args 0)))
			       (memq args '(16 64)))))
    (and modp (memq args '(16 64)) (setq buffer-backed-up nil))
    (if (and modp large (buffer-file-name))
	(display-message 'progress (format "Saving file %s..."
					   (buffer-file-name))))
    (basic-save-buffer)
    (and modp (memq args '(4 64)) (setq buffer-backed-up nil))))

(defun delete-auto-save-file-if-necessary (&optional force)
  "Delete auto-save file for current buffer if `delete-auto-save-files' is t.
Normally delete only if the file was written by this XEmacs since
the last real save, but optional arg FORCE non-nil means delete anyway."
  (and buffer-auto-save-file-name delete-auto-save-files
       (not (equal buffer-file-name buffer-auto-save-file-name))
       (or force (recent-auto-save-p))
       (progn
	 (ignore-file-errors (delete-file buffer-auto-save-file-name))
	 (set-buffer-auto-saved))))

;; XEmacs change (from Sun)
;; used to communicate with continue-save-buffer:
(defvar continue-save-buffer-hooks-tail nil)

;; Not in FSFmacs
(defun basic-write-file-data (realname truename)
  ;; call the hooks until the bytes are put
  ;; call write-region as a last resort
  (let ((region-written nil)
	(hooks write-file-data-hooks))
    (while (and hooks (not region-written))
      (setq region-written (funcall (car hooks) realname)
	    hooks (cdr hooks)))
    (if (not region-written)
	(write-region (point-min) (point-max) realname nil t truename))))

; (defvar auto-save-hook nil
;   "Normal hook run just before auto-saving.")

(put 'after-save-hook 'permanent-local t)
(defvar after-save-hook nil
  "Normal hook that is run after a buffer is saved to its file.
These hooks are considered to pertain to the visited file.
So this list is cleared if you change the visited file name.")

(defvar save-buffer-coding-system nil
  "If non-nil, use this coding system for saving the buffer.
More precisely, use this coding system in place of the
value of `buffer-file-coding-system', when saving the buffer.
Calling `write-region' for any purpose other than saving the buffer
will still use `buffer-file-coding-system'; this variable has no effect
in such cases.")

(make-variable-buffer-local 'save-buffer-coding-system)
(put 'save-buffer-coding-system 'permanent-local t)

(defun files-fetch-hook-value (hook)
  (let ((localval (copy-list (symbol-value hook)))
	(globalval (copy-list (default-value hook))))
    (if (memq t localval)
	(setq localval (append (delete* t localval) (delete* t globalval))))
    localval))

(defun basic-save-buffer ()
  "Save the current buffer in its visited file, if it has been modified.
The hooks `write-contents-hooks', `local-write-file-hooks' and
`write-file-hooks' get a chance to do the job of saving; if they do not,
then the buffer is saved in the visited file in the usual way.
After saving the buffer, this function runs `after-save-hook'."
  (interactive)
  (save-current-buffer
    ;; In an indirect buffer, save its base buffer instead.
    (if (buffer-base-buffer)
	(set-buffer (buffer-base-buffer)))
    (if (buffer-modified-p)
	(let ((recent-save (recent-auto-save-p)))
	  ;; If buffer has no file name, ask user for one.
	  (or buffer-file-name
	      (let ((filename
		     (expand-file-name
		      (read-file-name "File to save in: ") nil)))
		(and (file-exists-p filename)
		     (or (y-or-n-p (format "File `%s' exists; overwrite? "
					   filename))
			 (error "Canceled")))
		(set-visited-file-name filename)))
	  (or (verify-visited-file-modtime (current-buffer))
	      (not (file-exists-p buffer-file-name))
	      (yes-or-no-p
	       (format "%s has changed since visited or saved.  Save anyway? "
		       (file-name-nondirectory buffer-file-name)))
	      (error "Save not confirmed"))
	  (save-restriction
	    (widen)
	    (save-excursion
	      (and (> (point-max) 1)
		   (not find-file-literally)
		   (not (eq (char-after (1- (point-max))) ?\n))
		   (not (and (eq selective-display t)
			     (eq (char-after (1- (point-max))) ?\r)))
		   (or (eq require-final-newline t)
		       (eq require-final-newline 'visit-save)
		       (and require-final-newline
			    (y-or-n-p
			     (format "Buffer %s does not end in newline.  Add one? "
				     (buffer-name)))))
		   (save-excursion
		     (goto-char (point-max))
		     (insert ?\n))))

	    ;; Support VC version backups.
	    (if-fboundp 'vc-before-save
		(vc-before-save))

	    ;; Run the write-file-hooks until one returns non-nil.
	    ;; Bind after-save-hook to nil while running the
	    ;; write-file-hooks so that if this function is called
	    ;; recursively (from inside a write-file-hook) the
	    ;; after-hooks will only get run once (from the
	    ;; outermost call).
	    ;;
	    ;; Ugh, have to duplicate logic of run-hook-with-args-until-success
            (let ((hooks (append (files-fetch-hook-value 'write-contents-hooks)
                                 (files-fetch-hook-value
				  'local-write-file-hooks)
                                 (files-fetch-hook-value 'write-file-hooks)))
		  (after-save-hook nil)
                  (local-write-file-hooks nil)
		  (write-contents-hooks nil)
		  (write-file-hooks nil)
		  done)
              (while (and hooks
                          (let ((continue-save-buffer-hooks-tail hooks))
                            (not (setq done (funcall (car hooks))))))
                (setq hooks (cdr hooks)))
	      ;; If a hook returned t, file is already "written".
	      ;; Otherwise, write it the usual way now.
	      (if (not done)
		  (basic-save-buffer-1)))
	    ;; XEmacs: next two clauses (buffer-file-number setting and
	    ;; set-file-modes) moved into basic-save-buffer-1 for use by
	    ;; continue-save-buffer.
	    )
	  ;; If the auto-save file was recent before this command,
	  ;; delete it now.
	  (delete-auto-save-file-if-necessary recent-save)
	  ;; Support VC `implicit' locking.
	  (if-fboundp 'vc-after-save
	      (vc-after-save))
	  (run-hooks 'after-save-hook))
      (display-message 'no-log "(No changes need to be saved)"))))

;; This does the "real job" of writing a buffer into its visited file
;; and making a backup file.  This is what is normally done
;; but inhibited if one of write-file-hooks returns non-nil.
;; It returns a value to store in setmodes.
(defun basic-save-buffer-1 ()
  (if save-buffer-coding-system
      (let ((coding-system-for-write save-buffer-coding-system))
	(basic-save-buffer-2))
    (basic-save-buffer-2)))

(defun basic-save-buffer-2 ()
  (let (setmodes tempsetmodes)
    (if (not (file-writable-p buffer-file-name))
	(let ((dir (file-name-directory buffer-file-name)))
	  (if (not (file-directory-p dir))
	      (if (file-exists-p dir)
		  (error "%s is not a directory" dir)
		(error "%s: no such directory" buffer-file-name))
	    (if (not (file-exists-p buffer-file-name))
		(error "Directory %s write-protected" dir)
	      (if (yes-or-no-p
		   (format "File %s is write-protected; try to save anyway? "
			   (file-name-nondirectory
			    buffer-file-name)))
		  (setq tempsetmodes t)
		(error
		 "Attempt to save to a file which you aren't allowed to write"))))))
    (or buffer-backed-up
	(setq setmodes (backup-buffer)))
    (let ((dir (file-name-directory buffer-file-name)))
      (if (and file-precious-flag
	       (file-writable-p dir))
	  ;; If file is precious, write temp name, then rename it.
	  ;; This requires write access to the containing dir,
	  ;; which is why we don't try it if we don't have that access.
	  (let ((realname buffer-file-name)
		tempname nogood i succeed
		(old-modtime (visited-file-modtime)))
	    (setq i 0)
	    (setq nogood t)
	    ;; Find the temporary name to write under.
	    (while nogood
	      (setq tempname (format "%s#tmp#%d" dir i))
	      (setq nogood (file-exists-p tempname))
	      (setq i (1+ i)))
	    (unwind-protect
		(progn (clear-visited-file-modtime)
		       (write-region (point-min) (point-max)
				     tempname nil realname
				     buffer-file-truename)
		       (setq succeed t))
	      ;; If writing the temp file fails,
	      ;; delete the temp file.
	      (or succeed
		  (progn
		    (ignore-file-errors
		     (delete-file tempname))
		    (set-visited-file-modtime old-modtime))))
	    ;; Since we have created an entirely new file
	    ;; and renamed it, make sure it gets the
	    ;; right permission bits set.
	    (setq setmodes (file-modes buffer-file-name))
	    ;; We succeeded in writing the temp file,
	    ;; so rename it.
	    (rename-file tempname buffer-file-name t))
	;; If file not writable, see if we can make it writable
	;; temporarily while we write it.
	;; But no need to do so if we have just backed it up
	;; (setmodes is set) because that says we're superseding.
	(cond ((and tempsetmodes (not setmodes))
	       ;; Change the mode back, after writing.
	       (setq setmodes (file-modes buffer-file-name))
	       (set-file-modes buffer-file-name (logior setmodes 128))))
	(basic-write-file-data buffer-file-name buffer-file-truename)))
    ;; #### FSF 21.2.  We don't have last-coding-system-used.
;     ;; Now we have saved the current buffer.  Let's make sure
;     ;; that buffer-file-coding-system is fixed to what
;     ;; actually used for saving by binding it locally.
;     (if save-buffer-coding-system
; 	(setq save-buffer-coding-system last-coding-system-used)
;       (setq buffer-file-coding-system last-coding-system-used))
    (setq buffer-file-number
	  (if buffer-file-name
	      (nth 10 (file-attributes buffer-file-name))
	    nil))
    (if setmodes
	(condition-case ()
	    (set-file-modes buffer-file-name setmodes)
	  (error nil)))))

;; XEmacs change, from Sun
(defun continue-save-buffer ()
  "Provide a clean way for a write-file-hook to wrap AROUND
the execution of the remaining hooks and writing to disk.
Do not call this function except from a functions
on the `write-file-hooks' or `write-contents-hooks' list.
A hook that calls this function must return non-nil,
to signal completion to its caller.  `continue-save-buffer'
always returns non-nil."
  (let ((hooks (cdr (or continue-save-buffer-hooks-tail
			(error
	 "continue-save-buffer called outside a write-file-hook!"))))
	(done nil))
    ;; Do something like this:
    ;; (let ((write-file-hooks hooks)) (basic-save-buffer))
    ;; First run the rest of the hooks.
    (while (and hooks
		(let ((continue-save-buffer-hooks-tail hooks))
		  (not (setq done (funcall (car hooks))))))
      (setq hooks (cdr hooks)))
    ;;
    ;; If a hook returned t, file is already "written".
    (if (not done)
	(basic-save-buffer-1))
    'continue-save-buffer))

(defun diff-buffer-with-file (&optional buffer)
  "View the differences between BUFFER and its associated file.
This requires the external program `diff' to be in your `exec-path'."
  (interactive "bBuffer: ")
  (with-current-buffer (get-buffer (or buffer (current-buffer)))
    (if (and buffer-file-name
	     (file-exists-p buffer-file-name))
	(let ((tempfile (make-temp-file "buffer-content-")))
	  (unwind-protect
	      (save-restriction
		(widen)
		(write-region (point-min) (point-max) tempfile nil 'nomessage)
		(diff-files-for-recover "File" 
					buffer-file-name tempfile buffer-file-name tempfile
					buffer-file-coding-system)
		(sit-for 0))
	    (when (file-exists-p tempfile)
	      (delete-file tempfile))))
      (message "Buffer %s has no associated file on disc" (buffer-name))
      ;; Display that message for 1 second so that user can read it
      ;; in the minibuffer.
      (sit-for 1)))
  ;; return always nil, so that save-buffers-kill-emacs will not move
  ;; over to the next unsaved buffer when calling `d'.
  nil)

(defvar save-some-buffers-action-alist
  ;;instead of this we just say "yes all", "no all", etc.
  ;;"save all the rest"
  ;;"save only this buffer" "save no more buffers")
  ;; this is rather bogus. --ben
  ;; (it makes the dialog box too big, and you get an error
  ;; "wrong type argument: framep, nil" when you hit q after
  ;; choosing the option from the dialog box)

  ;; We should fix the dialog box rather than disabling
  ;; this!  --hniksic
  (list (list ?\C-r (lambda (buf)
		      ;; #### FSF has an EXIT-ACTION argument
		      ;; to `view-buffer'.
		      (view-buffer buf
;				   (function
;				    (lambda (ignore)
;				      (exit-recursive-edit))))
				   )
		      (with-boundp 'view-exit-action
			(setq view-exit-action
			      (lambda (ignore)
				(exit-recursive-edit))))
		      (recursive-edit)
		      ;; Return nil to ask about BUF again.
		      nil)
	      "%_Display Buffer") 
	(list ?d (lambda (buf)
		   (save-window-excursion (diff-buffer-with-file buf))
		   (view-buffer (get-buffer-create "*File Diff*") t)
		   (with-boundp 'view-exit-action
		     (setq view-exit-action 
			   (lambda (ignore)
			     (exit-recursive-edit))))
		   (recursive-edit)
		   ;; Return nil to ask about BUF again.
		   nil)
	      "View %_Changes in Buffer")))

(defun diff-files-for-recover (purpose file-1 file-2
			       failed-file-1 failed-file-2
			       coding-system)
  "Diff two files for recovering or comparing against the last saved version.
PURPOSE is an informational string used for naming the resulting buffer.
FILE-1 and FILE-2 are the two files to compare.
FAILED-FILE-1 and FAILED-FILE-2 are the names of files for which we should 
generate directory listings on failure.
CODING-SYSTEM is the coding system of the resulting buffer."
  (with-output-to-temp-buffer (concat "*" purpose " Diff*")
    (buffer-disable-undo standard-output)
    (let ((coding-system-for-read coding-system))
	(condition-case ferr
	     (progn
	      (apply #'call-process
		     recover-file-diff-program
		     nil standard-output nil
		     (append
		      recover-file-diff-arguments
		      (list file-1 file-2)))
	      (if (fboundp 'diff-mode)
		  (save-excursion
		    (set-buffer standard-output)
		    (declare-fboundp (diff-mode)))))
	(io-error
	 (save-excursion
	   (let ((switches
		  (declare-boundp
		   dired-listing-switches)))
	     (if (file-symlink-p failed-file-2)
		 (setq switches (concat switches "L")))
	     (set-buffer standard-output)
	     ;; XEmacs had the following line, not in FSF.
	     (setq default-directory (file-name-directory failed-file-2))
	     ;; Use insert-directory-safely,
	     ;; not insert-directory, because
	     ;; these files might not exist.
	     ;; In particular, FAILED-FILE-2 might not
	     ;; exist if the auto-save file
	     ;; was for a buffer that didn't
	     ;; visit a file, such as
	     ;; "*mail*".  The code in v20.x
	     ;; called `ls' directly, so we
	     ;; need to emulate what `ls' did
	     ;; in that case.
	     (insert-directory-safely failed-file-1 switches)
	     (insert-directory-safely failed-file-2 switches))
	   (terpri)
	   (princ "Error during diff: ")
	   (display-error ferr standard-output)))))))

(defcustom save-some-buffers-query-display-buffer t
  "*Non-nil makes `\\[save-some-buffers]' switch to the buffer offered for saving."
  :type 'boolean
  :group 'editing-basics)

(defun save-some-buffers (&optional arg pred)
  "Save some modified file-visiting buffers.  Asks user about each one.
Optional argument (the prefix) non-nil means save all with no questions.
Optional second argument PRED determines which buffers are considered:
If PRED is nil, all the file-visiting buffers are considered.
If PRED is t, then certain non-file buffers will also be considered.
If PRED is a zero-argument function, it indicates for each buffer whether
to consider it or not when called with that buffer current."
  (interactive "P")
  (labels
      ;; XEmacs - do not use queried flag, make this function a label.
      ((save-some-buffers-1 (arg pred switch-buffer)
         (let* ((switched nil)
                (last-buffer nil)
                (files-done
                 (map-y-or-n-p
                  (lambda (buffer)
                    (prog1
                        (and (buffer-modified-p buffer)
                             (not (buffer-base-buffer buffer))
                             ;; XEmacs addition:
                             (not (symbol-value-in-buffer
                                   'save-buffers-skip buffer))
                             (or
                              (buffer-file-name buffer)
                              (and pred
                                   (progn
                                     (set-buffer buffer)
                                     (and buffer-offer-save (> (buffer-size)
                                                               0)))))
                             (or (not (functionp pred))
                                 (with-current-buffer buffer (funcall pred)))
                             (if arg
                                 t
                               ;; #### We should provide a per-buffer means
                               ;; to disable the switching.  For instance,
                               ;; you might want to turn it off for buffers
                               ;; the contents of which is meaningless to
                               ;; humans, such as `.newsrc.eld'.
                               (when (and switch-buffer
                                          ;; map-y-or-n-p is displaying help
                                          (not (eq last-buffer buffer)))
                                 (unless (one-window-p)
                                   (delete-other-windows))
                                 (setq switched t)
                                 ;; #### Consider using `display-buffer'
                                 ;; here for 21.1!
                                 ;;(display-buffer buffer nil (selected-frame)))
                                 (switch-to-buffer buffer t))
                               (if (buffer-file-name buffer)
                                   (format "Save file %s? "
                                           (buffer-file-name buffer))
                                 (format "Save buffer %s? "
                                         (buffer-name buffer)))))
                      (setq last-buffer buffer)))
                  (lambda (buffer)
                    (set-buffer buffer)
                    (condition-case ()
                        (save-buffer)
                      (error nil)))
                  (buffer-list)
                  '("buffer" "buffers" "save")
                  save-some-buffers-action-alist))
                (abbrevs-done
                 (and save-abbrevs abbrevs-changed
                      (progn
                        (if (or arg
                                (eq save-abbrevs 'silently)
                                (y-or-n-p (format "Save abbrevs in %s? "
                                                  abbrev-file-name)))
                            (write-abbrev-file nil))
                        ;; Don't keep bothering user if he says no.
                        (setq abbrevs-changed nil)
                        t))))
           (or (> files-done 0) abbrevs-done
               (display-message 'no-log "(No files need saving)"))
           switched)))
    (save-excursion
      ;; `delete-other-windows' can bomb during autoloads generation, so
      ;; guard it well.
      (if (or noninteractive
           (eq (selected-window) (minibuffer-window))
           (not save-some-buffers-query-display-buffer))
          ;; If playing with windows is unsafe or undesired, just do the
          ;; usual drill.
          (save-some-buffers-1 arg pred nil)
        ;; Else, protect the windows.
        (when (save-window-excursion
                (save-some-buffers-1 arg pred t))
          ;; Force redisplay.
          (sit-for 0))))))


(defun not-modified (&optional arg)
  "Mark current buffer as unmodified, not needing to be saved.
With prefix arg, mark buffer as modified, so \\[save-buffer] will save.

It is not a good idea to use this function in Lisp programs, because it
prints a message in the minibuffer.  Instead, use `set-buffer-modified-p'."
  (interactive "_P")
  (if arg ;; rewritten for I18N3 snarfing
      (display-message 'command "Modification-flag set")
    (display-message 'command "Modification-flag cleared"))
  (set-buffer-modified-p arg))

(defun toggle-read-only (&optional arg)
  "Change whether this buffer is visiting its file read-only.
With arg, set read-only iff arg is positive.
If visiting file read-only and `view-read-only' is non-nil, enter view mode."
  (interactive "P")
  (cond
   ((and arg (if (> (prefix-numeric-value arg) 0) buffer-read-only
	       (not buffer-read-only)))	; If buffer-read-only is set correctly,
    nil)				; do nothing.
   ;; Toggle.
   ((and buffer-read-only view-minor-mode)
    ;(View-exit-and-edit)
    (view-mode)
    (make-local-variable 'view-read-only)
    (setq view-read-only t))		; Must leave view mode.
   ((and (not buffer-read-only) view-read-only
	 (not (eq (get major-mode 'mode-class) 'special)))
    ;(view-mode-enter)
    (view-mode))
   (t (setq buffer-read-only (not buffer-read-only))
      (force-mode-line-update))))

(defun insert-file (filename &optional codesys)
  "Insert contents of file FILENAME into buffer after point.
Set mark after the inserted text.

Optional second argument specifies the coding system to use when decoding
the file.  Interactively, with a prefix argument, you will be prompted for
the coding system.

This function is meant for the user to run interactively.  Don't call it
from programs!  Use `insert-file-contents' instead.  \(Its calling sequence
is different; see its documentation)."
  (interactive "*fInsert file: \nZCoding system: ")
  (if (file-directory-p filename)
      (signal 'file-error (list "Opening input file" "file is a directory"
				filename)))
  (let ((tem
	 (if codesys
	     (let ((coding-system-for-read
		    (get-coding-system codesys)))
	       (insert-file-contents filename))
	   (insert-file-contents filename))))
    (push-mark (+ (point) (car (cdr tem))))))

(defun append-to-file (start end filename &optional codesys)
  "Append the contents of the region to the end of file FILENAME.
When called from a function, expects three arguments, START, END and
FILENAME.  START and END are buffer positions saying what text to write.
Optional fourth argument specifies the coding system to use when encoding
the file.  Interactively, with a prefix argument, you will be prompted for
the coding system."
  (interactive "r\nFAppend to file: \nZCoding system: ")
  (if codesys
      (let ((buffer-file-coding-system (get-coding-system codesys)))
	(write-region start end filename t))
    (write-region start end filename t)))

(defun file-newest-backup (filename)
  "Return most recent backup file for FILENAME or nil if no backups exist."
  ;; `make-backup-file-name' will get us the right directory for
  ;; ordinary or numeric backups.  It might create a directory for
  ;; backups as a side-effect, according to `backup-directory-alist'.
  (let* ((filename (file-name-sans-versions
		    (make-backup-file-name filename)))
	 (file (file-name-nondirectory filename))
	 (dir  (file-name-directory    filename))
	 (comp (file-name-all-completions file dir))
         (newest nil)
         tem)
    (while comp
      (setq tem (pop comp))
      (cond ((and (backup-file-name-p tem)
                  (equal (file-name-sans-versions tem) file))
             (setq tem (concat dir tem))
             (if (or (null newest)
                     (file-newer-than-file-p tem newest))
                 (setq newest tem)))))
    newest))

(defun rename-uniquely ()
  "Rename current buffer to a similar name not already taken.
This function is useful for creating multiple shell process buffers
or multiple mail buffers, etc."
  (interactive)
  (save-match-data
    (let ((base-name (buffer-name)))
      (and (string-match-p "<[0-9]+>\\'" base-name)
	   (not (and buffer-file-name
		     (equal base-name
			      (file-name-nondirectory buffer-file-name))))
	   ;; If the existing buffer name has a <NNN>,
	   ;; which isn't part of the file name (if any),
	   ;; then get rid of that.
	   (setq base-name (substring base-name 0 (match-beginning 0))))
      (rename-buffer (generate-new-buffer-name base-name))
      (force-mode-line-update))))

(defun make-directory-path (path)
  "Create all the directories along path that don't exist yet."
  (interactive "Fdirectory path to create: ")
  (make-directory path t))

(defun make-directory (dir &optional parents)
  "Create the directory DIR and any nonexistent parent dirs.
Interactively, the default choice of directory to create
is the current default directory for file names.
That is useful when you have visited a file in a nonexistent directory.

Noninteractively, the second (optional) argument PARENTS says whether
to create parent directories if they don't exist."
  (interactive (list (let ((current-prefix-arg current-prefix-arg))
		       (read-directory-name "Create directory: "))
		     current-prefix-arg))
  (let ((handler (find-file-name-handler dir 'make-directory)))
    (if handler
	(funcall handler 'make-directory dir parents)
      (if (not parents)
	  (make-directory-internal dir)
	(let ((dir (directory-file-name (expand-file-name dir)))
	      create-list)
	  (while (not (file-exists-p dir))
	    (setq create-list (cons dir create-list)
		  dir (directory-file-name (file-name-directory dir))))
	  (while create-list
	    (make-directory-internal (car create-list))
	    (setq create-list (cdr create-list))))))))

(put 'revert-buffer-function 'permanent-local t)
(defvar revert-buffer-function nil
  "Function to use to revert this buffer, or nil to do the default.
The function receives two arguments IGNORE-AUTO and NOCONFIRM,
which are the arguments that `revert-buffer' received.")

(put 'revert-buffer-insert-file-contents-function 'permanent-local t)
(defvar revert-buffer-insert-file-contents-function nil
  "Function to use to insert contents when reverting this buffer.
Gets two args, first the nominal file name to use,
and second, t if reading the auto-save file.
If the current buffer contents are to be discarded, the function must do
so itself.

The function you specify is responsible for updating (or preserving) point.")

(defvar before-revert-hook nil
  "Normal hook for `revert-buffer' to run before reverting.
If `revert-buffer-function' is used to override the normal revert
mechanism, this hook is not used.")

(defvar after-revert-hook nil
  "Normal hook for `revert-buffer' to run after reverting.
Note that the hook value that it runs is the value that was in effect
before reverting; that makes a difference if you have buffer-local
hook functions.

If `revert-buffer-function' is used to override the normal revert
mechanism, this hook is not used.")

(defvar revert-buffer-internal-hook nil
  "Don't use this.")

;; END SYNC WITH FSF 21.2.

(defun revert-buffer (&optional ignore-auto noconfirm preserve-modes)
  "Replace the buffer text with the text of the visited file on disk.
This undoes all changes since the file was visited or saved.
With a prefix argument, offer to revert from latest auto-save file, if
that is more recent than the visited file.

This command also refreshes certain special buffers that contain text
which doesn't come from a file, but reflects some other data base
instead: for example, Dired buffers and buffer-list buffers.  This is
implemented by having the modes set `revert-buffer-function'.

When called from Lisp, the first argument is IGNORE-AUTO; only offer
to revert from the auto-save file when this is nil.  Note that the
sense of this argument is the reverse of the prefix argument, for the
sake of backward compatibility.  IGNORE-AUTO is optional, defaulting
to nil.

Optional second argument NOCONFIRM means don't ask for confirmation at
all.

Optional third argument PRESERVE-MODES non-nil means don't alter
the buffer's modes.  Otherwise, reinitialize them using `normal-mode'.

If the value of `revert-buffer-function' is non-nil, it is called to
do all the work for this command.  Otherwise, the hooks
`before-revert-hook' and `after-revert-hook' are run at the beginning
and the end, and if `revert-buffer-insert-file-contents-function' is
non-nil, it is called instead of rereading visited file contents.

If the buffer-modified flag is nil, and we are not reverting from an
auto-save file, then compare the contents of the buffer and the file.
Revert only if they differ."

  ;; I admit it's odd to reverse the sense of the prefix argument, but
  ;; there is a lot of code out there which assumes that the first
  ;; argument should be t to avoid consulting the auto-save file, and
  ;; there's no straightforward way to encourage authors to notice a
  ;; reversal of the argument sense.  So I'm just changing the user
  ;; interface, but leaving the programmatic interface the same.
  (interactive (list (not current-prefix-arg)))
  (if revert-buffer-function
      (funcall revert-buffer-function ignore-auto noconfirm)
    (let* ((opoint (point))
	   (newbuf nil)
	   (found nil)
	   (delay-prompt nil)
	   (auto-save-p (and (not ignore-auto)
                             (recent-auto-save-p)
			     buffer-auto-save-file-name
			     (file-readable-p buffer-auto-save-file-name)
			     (y-or-n-p
   "Buffer has been auto-saved recently.  Revert from auto-save file? ")))
	   (file-name (if auto-save-p
			  buffer-auto-save-file-name
			buffer-file-name)))
      (cond ((null file-name)
	     (error "Buffer does not seem to be associated with any file"))
	    ((or noconfirm
		 (and (not (buffer-modified-p))
		      (dolist (rx revert-without-query found)
			(when (string-match-p rx file-name)
			  (setq found t))))
		 ;; If we might perform an optimized revert then we
		 ;; want to delay prompting in case we don't need to
		 ;; do it at all
		 (and (not auto-save-p)
		      (not (buffer-modified-p))
		      (setq delay-prompt t))
		 (yes-or-no-p (format "Revert buffer from file %s? "
				      file-name)))
	     (run-hooks 'before-revert-hook)
	     ;; Only perform our optimized revert if nothing obvious
	     ;; has changed.
	     (cond ((or auto-save-p
			(buffer-modified-p)
			(and (setq newbuf (revert-buffer-internal
					   file-name))
			     (or noconfirm found
				 (and delay-prompt
				      (yes-or-no-p 
				       (format "Revert buffer from file %s? "
					       file-name))))))
		    ;; If file was backed up but has changed since,
		    ;; we should make another backup.
		    (and (not auto-save-p)
			 (not (verify-visited-file-modtime (current-buffer)))
			 (setq buffer-backed-up nil))
		    ;; Get rid of all undo records for this buffer.
		    (or (eq buffer-undo-list t)
			(setq buffer-undo-list nil))
		    ;; Effectively copy the after-revert-hook status,
		    ;; since after-find-file will clobber it.
		    (let ((global-hook (default-value 'after-revert-hook))
			  (local-hook-p (local-variable-p 'after-revert-hook
							  (current-buffer)))
			  (local-hook (and (local-variable-p 'after-revert-hook
							     (current-buffer))
					   after-revert-hook)))
		      (let (buffer-read-only
			    ;; Don't make undo records for the reversion.
			    (buffer-undo-list t))
			(if revert-buffer-insert-file-contents-function
			    (funcall revert-buffer-insert-file-contents-function
				     file-name auto-save-p)
			  (if (not (file-exists-p file-name))
			      (error "File %s no longer exists!" file-name))
			  ;; Bind buffer-file-name to nil
			  ;; so that we don't try to lock the file.
			  (let ((buffer-file-name nil))
			    (or auto-save-p
				(unlock-buffer)))
			  (widen)
			  ;; When reading in an autosave, it's encoded using
			  ;; `escape-quoted', so we need to use it. (It is always
			  ;; safe to specify `escape-quoted':
			  ;;
			  ;; 1. If file-coding but no Mule, `escape-quoted' is
			  ;;    aliased to `binary'.
			  ;; 2. If no file-coding, all coding systems devolve into
			  ;;    `binary'.
			  ;; 3. ASCII and ISO8859-1 are encoded the same in both
			  ;;    `binary' and `escape-quoted', so they will be
			  ;;     compatible for the most part.)
			  ;;
			  ;; Otherwise, use coding-system-for-read if explicitly
			  ;; given (e.g. the "Revert Buffer with Specified
			  ;; Encoding" menu entries), or use the coding system
			  ;; that the file was loaded as.
			  (let* ((coding-system-for-read
				  (if auto-save-p 'escape-quoted
				    (or coding-system-for-read
					buffer-file-coding-system-when-loaded)))
				 ;; If the bfcs wasn't changed from its original
				 ;; value (other than possible EOL change), then we
				 ;; should update it for the new coding system.
				 (should-update-bfcs
				  (eq (coding-system-base
				       buffer-file-coding-system-when-loaded)
				      (coding-system-base
				       buffer-file-coding-system)))
				 (old-bfcs buffer-file-coding-system)
				 ;; But if the EOL was changed, match it in the new
				 ;; value of bfcs.
				 (adjust-eol
				  (and should-update-bfcs
				       (not
					(eq (get-coding-system
					     buffer-file-coding-system-when-loaded)
					    (get-coding-system
					     buffer-file-coding-system))))))
			    (insert-file-contents file-name (not auto-save-p)
						  nil nil t)
			    (when should-update-bfcs
			      (setq buffer-file-coding-system old-bfcs)
			      (set-buffer-file-coding-system
			       (if adjust-eol
				   (coding-system-base
				    buffer-file-coding-system-when-loaded)
				 buffer-file-coding-system-when-loaded)
			       (not adjust-eol) t)))))
		      (goto-char (min opoint (point-max)))
		      ;; Recompute the truename in case changes in symlinks
		      ;; have changed the truename.
		      ;;XEmacs: already done by insert-file-contents
		      ;;(setq buffer-file-truename
		      ;;(abbreviate-file-name (file-truename buffer-file-name)))
		      (after-find-file nil nil t t preserve-modes)
		      ;; Run after-revert-hook as it was before we reverted.
		      (setq-default revert-buffer-internal-hook global-hook)
		      (if local-hook-p
			  (progn
			    (make-local-variable 'revert-buffer-internal-hook)
			    (setq revert-buffer-internal-hook local-hook))
			(kill-local-variable 'revert-buffer-internal-hook))
		      (run-hooks 'revert-buffer-internal-hook)))
		   ((null newbuf)
		    ;; The resultant buffer is identical, alter
		    ;; modtime, update mods and exit
		    (set-visited-file-modtime)
		    (after-find-file nil nil t t t)
		    ;; We preserved modes above so fixup the local
		    ;; variables manually
		    (condition-case err
			(hack-local-variables)
		      (error (lwarn 'local-variables 'warning
			       "File local-variables error: %s"
			       (error-message-string err)))))
		   (t t))
	     t)))))

;; #### wouldn't something like `revert-buffer-compare-with-file' be a
;; better name?
;; #### why is the argument optional?
(defun revert-buffer-internal (&optional file-name)
  "Read contents of FILE-NAME into a buffer, and compare to current buffer.
Return nil if identical, and the new buffer if different."

  (let* ((newbuf (get-buffer-create " *revert*"))
	 bmin bmax
	 ;; #### b-f-c-s is _not necessarily_ the coding system that
	 ;; was used to read in the file. See its docstring.
	 (coding-system buffer-file-coding-system))
    (save-excursion
      (set-buffer newbuf)
      (with-obsolete-variable '(before-change-function after-change-function)
	(let (buffer-read-only
	      (buffer-undo-list t)
	      after-change-function
	      after-change-functions
	      before-change-function
	      before-change-functions
	      (coding-system-for-read coding-system)
	      )
	  (if revert-buffer-insert-file-contents-function
	      (funcall revert-buffer-insert-file-contents-function
		       file-name nil)
	    (if (not (file-exists-p file-name))
		(error "File %s no longer exists!" file-name))
	    (widen)
	    (insert-file-contents file-name nil nil nil t)
	    (setq bmin (point-min)
		  bmax (point-max))))))
    (if (not (and (eq bmin (point-min))
		  (eq bmax (point-max))
		  (eq (compare-buffer-substrings 
		       newbuf bmin bmax (current-buffer) bmin bmax) 0)))
	newbuf
      (and (kill-buffer newbuf) nil))))

;; BEGIN SYNC WITH FSF 21.2.

(defvar recover-file-diff-program "diff"
  "Absolute or relative name of the `diff' program used by `recover-file'.")
(defvar recover-file-diff-arguments '("-c")
  "List of arguments (switches) to pass to `diff' by `recover-file'.")

(defun recover-file (file)
  "Visit file FILE, but get contents from its last auto-save file."
  ;; Actually putting the file name in the minibuffer should be used
  ;; only rarely.
  ;; Not just because users often use the default.
  (interactive "FRecover file: ")
  (setq file (expand-file-name file))
  (let ((handler (or (find-file-name-handler file 'recover-file)
		    (find-file-name-handler
		     (let ((buffer-file-name file))
		       (make-auto-save-file-name))
		     'recover-file))))
    (if handler
	(funcall handler 'recover-file file)
      (if (auto-save-file-name-p (file-name-nondirectory file))
	  (error "%s is an auto-save file" file))
      (let ((file-name (let ((buffer-file-name file))
			 (make-auto-save-file-name))))
	(cond ((if (file-exists-p file)
		   (not (file-newer-than-file-p file-name file))
		 (not (file-exists-p file-name)))
	       (error "Auto-save file %s not current" file-name))
	      (t
	       (save-window-excursion
		 ;; XEmacs change: use insert-directory instead of
		 ;; calling ls directly.  Add option for diff.
		 (with-output-to-temp-buffer "*Directory*"
		   (buffer-disable-undo standard-output)
		   (save-excursion
		     (let ((switches
			    (declare-boundp dired-listing-switches)))
		       (if (file-symlink-p file)
			   (setq switches (concat switches "L")))
		       (set-buffer standard-output)
		       ;; XEmacs had the following line, not in FSF.
		       (setq default-directory (file-name-directory file))
		       ;; Use insert-directory-safely, not insert-directory,
		       ;; because these files might not exist.  In particular,
		       ;; FILE might not exist if the auto-save file was for
		       ;; a buffer that didn't visit a file, such as "*mail*".
		       ;; The code in v20.x called `ls' directly, so we need
		       ;; to emulate what `ls' did in that case.
		       (insert-directory-safely file switches)
		       (insert-directory-safely file-name switches))))
		 (block nil
		   (while t
		     (case (get-user-response
			    nil
			    ;; Formerly included file name.  Useless now that
			    ;; we display an ls of the files, and potentially
			    ;; fills up the minibuffer, esp. with autosaves
			    ;; all in one directory.
			    "Recover auto save file? "
			    '(("yes" "%_Yes" yes)
			      ("no" "%_No" no)
			      ("diff" "%_Diff" diff)))
		       (no (error "Recover-file cancelled."))
		       (yes
			(switch-to-buffer (find-file-noselect file t))
			(let ((buffer-read-only nil)
			      ;; Keep the current buffer-file-coding-system.
			      (coding-system buffer-file-coding-system)
			      ;; Auto-saved file shoule be read without any code conversion.
			      (coding-system-for-read 'escape-quoted))
			  (erase-buffer)
			  (insert-file-contents file-name nil)
			  (set-buffer-file-coding-system coding-system
                                                         nil t))
			(after-find-file nil nil t)
			(return nil))
		       (diff
			;; rather than just diff the two files (which would
			;; be easy), we have to deal with the fact that
			;; they may be in different formats, since
			;; auto-saves are always in escape-quoted.  so, we
			;; read the file into a buffer (#### should we look
			;; at or use a file if it's already in a buffer?
			;; maybe we would find hints as to the encoding of
			;; the file?), then we save the resulting buffer in
			;; escape-quoted, do the diff (between two files
			;; both in escape-quoted) and read in the results
			;; using coding system escape-quoted.  That way, we
			;; should get what's correct most of the time.
			(let ((buffer (generate-new-buffer "*recover*"))
			      (temp
			       (make-temp-name
				(concat (file-name-as-directory
					 (temp-directory))
					(file-name-nondirectory file) "-"))))
			  (unwind-protect
			      (progn
				(save-current-buffer
				  (set-buffer buffer)
				  (insert-file-contents file)
				  (let ((coding-system-for-write
					 'escape-quoted))
				    (write-region (point-min) (point-max)
						  temp nil 'silent)))
				(diff-files-for-recover "Autosave" temp file-name file file-name 'escape-quoted))
			    (ignore-errors (kill-buffer buffer))
			    (ignore-file-errors
			     (delete-file temp)))))))))))))))

(defun recover-session ()
  "Recover auto save files from a previous Emacs session.
This command first displays a Dired buffer showing you the
previous sessions that you could recover from.
To choose one, move point to the proper line and then type C-c C-c.
Then you'll be asked about a number of files to recover."
  (interactive)
  (unless (fboundp 'dired)
    (error "recover-session requires dired"))
  (if (null auto-save-list-file-prefix)
      (error
       "You set `auto-save-list-file-prefix' to disable making session files"))
  (let ((dir (file-name-directory auto-save-list-file-prefix)))
    (unless (file-directory-p dir)
      (make-directory dir t)))
  (let* ((auto-save-list-dir
	  (file-name-directory auto-save-list-file-prefix))
	 (files (directory-files
		 auto-save-list-dir
		 t
		 (concat "^" (regexp-quote (file-name-nondirectory
					    auto-save-list-file-prefix)))))
	 (files (sort (delete-if-not #'Recover-session-files-from-auto-save-list-file
			       files) #'file-newer-than-file-p)))
    (unless files
      (error "No sessions can be recovered now"))
    (declare-fboundp (dired (cons auto-save-list-dir files)))
    (save-excursion
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (or (looking-at-p "Move to the session you want to recover,")
	  (let ((inhibit-read-only t))
	    (delete-matching-lines "^[ \t]*total.*$")
	    (insert "Move to the session you want to recover,\n"
		    "then type C-c C-c to select it.\n\n"
		    "You can also delete some of these files;\n"
		    "type d on a line to mark that file for deletion.\n\n"))))
    (use-local-map (let ((map (make-sparse-keymap)))
		     (set-keymap-parents map (list (current-local-map)))
		     map))
    (define-key (current-local-map) "\C-c\C-c" 'recover-session-finish)))

(defun Recover-session-files-from-auto-save-list-file (file)
  "Return the auto save files in list file FILE that are current."
  (let (files
	(buffer (get-buffer-create " *recover*")))
    (unwind-protect
	(save-excursion
	  ;; Read in the auto-save-list file.
	  (set-buffer buffer)
	  (erase-buffer)
	  (let ((coding-system-for-read 'escape-quoted))
	    (insert-file-contents file))
	  ;; Loop thru the text of that file
	  ;; and get out the names of the files to recover.
	  (while (not (eobp))
	    (let (thisfile autofile)
	      (if (eolp)
		  ;; This is a pair of lines for a non-file-visiting buffer.
		  ;; Get the auto-save file name and manufacture
		  ;; a "visited file name" from that.
		  (progn
		    (forward-line 1)
		    (setq autofile
			  (buffer-substring-no-properties
			   (point)
			   (save-excursion
			     (end-of-line)
			     (point))))
		    (setq thisfile
			  (expand-file-name
			   (substring
			    (file-name-nondirectory autofile)
			    1 -1)
			   (file-name-directory autofile)))
		    (forward-line 1))
		;; This pair of lines is a file-visiting
		;; buffer.  Use the visited file name.
		(progn
		  (setq thisfile
			(buffer-substring-no-properties
			 (point) (progn (end-of-line) (point))))
		  (forward-line 1)
		  (setq autofile
			(buffer-substring-no-properties
			 (point) (progn (end-of-line) (point))))
		  (forward-line 1)))
	      ;; Ignore a file if its auto-save file does not exist now.
	      (if (file-exists-p autofile)
		  (setq files (cons thisfile files)))))
	  (setq files (nreverse files)))
      (kill-buffer buffer))))

(defun recover-session-finish ()
  "Choose one saved session to recover auto-save files from.
This command is used in the special Dired buffer created by
\\[recover-session]."
  (interactive)
  ;; Get the name of the session file to recover from.
  (let ((file (declare-fboundp (dired-get-filename))))
    (declare-fboundp (dired-unmark 1))
    ;; #### dired-do-flagged-delete in FSF.
    ;; This version is for ange-ftp
    ;;(declare-fboundp (dired-do-deletions t))
    ;; This version is for efs
    (declare-fboundp (dired-expunge-deletions))
    (let ((files (Recover-session-files-from-auto-save-list-file file)))
      ;; The file contains a pair of line for each auto-saved buffer.
      ;; The first line of the pair contains the visited file name
      ;; or is empty if the buffer was not visiting a file.
      ;; The second line is the auto-save file name.
      (if files
	  (map-y-or-n-p  "Recover %s? "
			 (lambda (file)
			   (condition-case nil
			       (save-excursion (recover-file file))
			     (error
			      (lwarn 'recover 'alert
				"Failed to recover `%s'" file))))
			 files
			 '("file" "files" "recover"))
	(message "No files can be recovered from this session now")))))

(defun kill-some-buffers (&optional list)
  "For each buffer in LIST, ask whether to kill it.
LIST defaults to all existing live buffers."
  (interactive)
  (dolist (buffer (or list (buffer-list)))
    (let ((name (buffer-name buffer)))
      (and (> (length name) 0) (not (eq (elt name 0) ?\ ))
	   (yes-or-no-p
	    (format
	     (if (buffer-modified-p buffer)
		 (gettext "Buffer %s HAS BEEN EDITED.  Kill? ")
	       (gettext "Buffer %s is unmodified.  Kill? "))
	     name))
	   (kill-buffer buffer)))))

(defun auto-save-mode (arg)
  "Toggle auto-saving of contents of current buffer.
With prefix argument ARG, turn auto-saving on if positive, else off."
  (interactive "P")
  (setq buffer-auto-save-file-name
        (and (if (null arg)
		 (or (not buffer-auto-save-file-name)
		     ;; If autosave is off because buffer has shrunk,
		     ;; then toggling should turn it on.
		     (< buffer-saved-size 0))
	       (or (eq arg t) (listp arg) (and (integerp arg) (> arg 0))))
	     (if (and buffer-file-name auto-save-visited-file-name
		      (not buffer-read-only))
		 buffer-file-name
	       (make-auto-save-file-name))))
  ;; If -1 was stored here, to temporarily turn off saving,
  ;; turn it back on.
  (and (< buffer-saved-size 0)
       (setq buffer-saved-size 0))
  (if (interactive-p)
      (if buffer-auto-save-file-name ;; rewritten for I18N3 snarfing
	  (display-message 'command "Auto-save on (in this buffer)")
	(display-message 'command "Auto-save off (in this buffer)")))
  buffer-auto-save-file-name)

(defun rename-auto-save-file ()
  "Adjust current buffer's auto save file name for current conditions.
Also rename any existing auto save file, if it was made in this session."
  (let ((osave buffer-auto-save-file-name))
    (setq buffer-auto-save-file-name
	  (make-auto-save-file-name))
    (if (and osave buffer-auto-save-file-name
	     (not (equal buffer-auto-save-file-name buffer-file-name))
	     (not (equal buffer-auto-save-file-name osave))
	     (file-exists-p osave)
	     (recent-auto-save-p))
	(rename-file osave buffer-auto-save-file-name t))))

;; END SYNC WITH FSF 21.2.

;; make-auto-save-file-name and auto-save-file-name-p are now only in
;; auto-save.el.


;; BEGIN SYNC WITH FSF 21.2.

(defun wildcard-to-regexp (wildcard)
  "Given a shell file name pattern WILDCARD, return an equivalent regexp.
The generated regexp will match a filename iff the filename
matches that wildcard according to shell rules.  Only wildcards known
by `sh' are supported."
  (let* ((i (string-match-p "[[.*+\\^$?]" wildcard))
	 ;; Copy the initial run of non-special characters.
	 (result (substring wildcard 0 i))
	 (len (length wildcard)))
    ;; If no special characters, we're almost done.
    (if i
	(while (< i len)
	  (let ((ch (aref wildcard i))
		j)
	    (setq
	     result
	     (concat result
		     (cond
		      ((and (eq ch ?\[)
			    (< (1+ i) len)
			    (eq (aref wildcard (1+ i)) ?\]))
		       "\\[")
		      ((eq ch ?\[)	; [...] maps to regexp char class
		       (progn
			 (setq i (1+ i))
			 (concat
			  (cond
			   ((eq (aref wildcard i) ?!) ; [!...] -> [^...]
			    (progn
			      (setq i (1+ i))
			      (if (eq (aref wildcard i) ?\])
				  (progn
				    (setq i (1+ i))
				    "[^]")
				"[^")))
			   ((eq (aref wildcard i) ?^)
			    ;; Found "[^".  Insert a `\0' character
			    ;; (which cannot happen in a filename)
			    ;; into the character class, so that `^'
			    ;; is not the first character after `[',
			    ;; and thus non-special in a regexp.
			    (progn
			      (setq i (1+ i))
			      "[\000^"))
			   ((eq (aref wildcard i) ?\])
			    ;; I don't think `]' can appear in a
			    ;; character class in a wildcard, but
			    ;; let's be general here.
			    (progn
			      (setq i (1+ i))
			      "[]"))
			   (t "["))
			  (prog1	; copy everything upto next `]'.
			      (substring wildcard
					 i
					 (setq j (string-match-p
						  "]" wildcard i)))
			    (setq i (if j (1- j) (1- len)))))))
		      ((eq ch ?.)  "\\.")
		      ((eq ch ?*)  "[^\000]*")
		      ((eq ch ?+)  "\\+")
		      ((eq ch ?^)  "\\^")
		      ((eq ch ?$)  "\\$")
		      ((eq ch ?\\) "\\\\") ; probably cannot happen...
		      ((eq ch ??)  "[^\000]")
		      (t (list ch)))))
	    (setq i (1+ i)))))
    ;; Shell wildcards should match the entire filename,
    ;; not its part.  Make the regexp say so.
    (concat "\\`" result "\\'")))

(defcustom list-directory-brief-switches "-CF"
  "*Switches for list-directory to pass to `ls' for brief listing."
  :type 'string
  :group 'dired)

(defcustom list-directory-verbose-switches "-l"
  "*Switches for list-directory to pass to `ls' for verbose listing,"
  :type 'string
  :group 'dired)

(defun file-expand-wildcards (pattern &optional full)
  "Expand wildcard pattern PATTERN.
This returns a list of file names which match the pattern.

If PATTERN is written as an absolute relative file name,
the values are absolute also.

If PATTERN is written as a relative file name, it is interpreted
relative to the current default directory, `default-directory'.
The file names returned are normally also relative to the current
default directory.  However, if FULL is non-nil, they are absolute."
  (let* ((nondir (file-name-nondirectory pattern))
	 (dirpart (file-name-directory pattern))
	 ;; A list of all dirs that DIRPART specifies.
	 ;; This can be more than one dir
	 ;; if DIRPART contains wildcards.
	 (dirs (if (and dirpart (string-match-p "[[*?]" dirpart))
		   (mapcar #'file-name-as-directory
			   (file-expand-wildcards
                            (directory-file-name dirpart)))
		 (list dirpart)))
	 contents)
    (while dirs
      (when (or (null (car dirs))	; Possible if DIRPART is not wild.
		(file-directory-p (directory-file-name (car dirs))))
	(let ((this-dir-contents
	       ;; Filter out "." and ".."
               (nset-difference (directory-files (or (car dirs) ".") full
                                                 (wildcard-to-regexp nondir))
                                '("." "..") :test #'equal)))
	  (setq contents
		(nconc
		 (if (and (car dirs) (not full))
		     (mapcar (function (lambda (name) (concat (car dirs) name)))
			     this-dir-contents)
		   this-dir-contents)
		 contents))))
      (setq dirs (cdr dirs)))
    contents))

(defun list-directory (dirname &optional verbose)
  "Display a list of files in or matching DIRNAME, a la `ls'.
DIRNAME is globbed by the shell if necessary.
Prefix arg (second arg if noninteractive) means supply -l switch to `ls'.
Actions controlled by variables `list-directory-brief-switches'
and `list-directory-verbose-switches'."
  (interactive (let ((pfx current-prefix-arg))
		 (list (read-file-name (if pfx (gettext "List directory (verbose): ")
					 (gettext "List directory (brief): "))
				       nil default-directory nil)
		       pfx)))
  (let ((switches (if verbose list-directory-verbose-switches
		    list-directory-brief-switches)))
    (or dirname (setq dirname default-directory))
    (setq dirname (expand-file-name dirname))
    (with-output-to-temp-buffer "*Directory*"
      (buffer-disable-undo standard-output)
      (princ "Directory ")
      (princ dirname)
      (terpri)
      (save-excursion
	(set-buffer "*Directory*")
	(setq default-directory
	      (if (file-directory-p dirname)
		  (file-name-as-directory dirname)
		(file-name-directory dirname)))
	(let ((wildcard (not (file-directory-p dirname))))
	  (insert-directory dirname switches wildcard (not wildcard)))))))

(defun shell-quote-wildcard-pattern (pattern)
  "Quote characters special to the shell in PATTERN, leave wildcards alone.

PATTERN is assumed to represent a file-name wildcard suitable for the
underlying filesystem.  For Unix and GNU/Linux, the characters from the
set [ \\t\\n;<>&|()#$] are quoted with a backslash; for DOS/Windows, all
the parts of the pattern which don't include wildcard characters are
quoted with double quotes.
Existing quote characters in PATTERN are left alone, so you can pass
PATTERN that already quotes some of the special characters."
  (cond
    ((memq system-type '(ms-dos windows-nt))
     ;; DOS/Windows don't allow `"' in file names.  So if the
     ;; argument has quotes, we can safely assume it is already
     ;; quoted by the caller.
     (if (or (find ?\" pattern)
             ;; We quote [&()#$'] in case their shell is a port of a
             ;; Unixy shell.  We quote [,=+] because stock DOS and
             ;; Windows shells require that in some cases, such as
             ;; passing arguments to batch files that use positional
             ;; arguments like %1.
             (not (string-match-p "[ \t;&()#$',=+]" pattern)))
         pattern
       (let ((result "\"")
             (beg 0)
             end)
         (save-match-data
           (while (string-match "[*?]+" pattern beg)
             (setq end (match-beginning 0)
                   result (concat result (substring pattern beg end)
                                  "\""
                                  (substring pattern end (match-end 0))
                                  "\"")
                   beg (match-end 0)))
           (concat result (substring pattern beg) "\"")))))
    (t
     (let ((start 0) stream beg)
       (while (setq beg (string-match-p "[ \t\n;<>&|()#$]" pattern start))
         (write-sequence pattern (or stream
                                     (setq stream
                                           (make-string-output-stream)))
                         :start start :end beg)
         (write-sequence "\\" stream)
         (write-char (aref pattern beg) stream)
         (setq start (1+ beg)))
       (if stream (get-output-stream-string stream) pattern)))))

(defvar insert-directory-program "ls"
  "Absolute or relative name of the `ls' program used by `insert-directory'.")

;; insert-directory
;; - must insert _exactly_one_line_ describing FILE if WILDCARD and
;;   FULL-DIRECTORY-P is nil.
;;   The single line of output must display FILE's name as it was
;;   given, namely, an absolute path name.
;; - must insert exactly one line for each file if WILDCARD or
;;   FULL-DIRECTORY-P is t, plus one optional "total" line
;;   before the file lines, plus optional text after the file lines.
;;   Lines are delimited by "\n", so filenames containing "\n" are not
;;   allowed.
;;   File lines should display the basename.
;; - must be consistent with
;;   - functions dired-move-to-filename, (these two define what a file line is)
;;   		 dired-move-to-end-of-filename,
;;		 dired-between-files, (shortcut for (not (dired-move-to-filename)))
;;   		 dired-insert-headerline
;;   		 dired-after-subdir-garbage (defines what a "total" line is)
;;   - variable dired-subdir-regexp
;; - may be passed "--dired" as argument in SWITCHES.
;;   Filename handlers might have to remove this switch if their
;;   "ls" command does not support it.

;; END SYNC WITH FSF 21.2.

(defvar insert-directory-ls-version 'unknown)

(defun insert-directory (file switches &optional wildcard full-directory-p)
  "Insert directory listing for FILE, formatted according to SWITCHES.
Leaves point after the inserted text.
SWITCHES may be a string of options, or a list of strings.
Optional third arg WILDCARD means treat FILE as shell wildcard.
Optional fourth arg FULL-DIRECTORY-P means file is a directory and
switches do not contain `d', so that a full listing is expected.

This works by running a directory listing program
whose name is in the variable `insert-directory-program'.
If WILDCARD, it also runs the shell specified by `shell-file-name'."
  ;; We need the directory in order to find the right handler.
  (let ((handler (find-file-name-handler (expand-file-name file)
					 'insert-directory)))
    (cond
     (handler
      (funcall handler 'insert-directory file switches
	       wildcard full-directory-p))
     ;; [mswindows-insert-directory should be called
     ;; nt-insert-directory - kkm].  not true any more according to
     ;; my new naming scheme. --ben
     ((and (fboundp 'mswindows-insert-directory)
	   (eq system-type 'windows-nt))
      (declare-fboundp (mswindows-insert-directory
			file switches wildcard full-directory-p)))
     (t
      (let* ((beg (point))
	     ;; on Unix, assume that ls will output in what the
	     ;; file-name coding system specifies
	     (coding-system-for-read (get-coding-system 'file-name))
	     (result
	      (if wildcard
		  ;; Run ls in the directory of the file pattern we asked for.
		  (let ((default-directory
			  (if (file-name-absolute-p file)
			      (file-name-directory file)
			    (file-name-directory (expand-file-name file))))
			(pattern (file-name-nondirectory file))
			(start 0))
		    ;; Quote some characters that have special meanings in shells;
		    ;; but don't quote the wildcards--we want them to be special.
		    ;; We also currently don't quote the quoting characters
		    ;; in case people want to use them explicitly to quote
		    ;; wildcard characters.
		    ;;#### Unix-specific
		    (while (string-match "[ \t\n;<>&|()#$]" pattern start)
		      (setq pattern
			    (concat (substring pattern 0 (match-beginning 0))
				    "\\"
				    (substring pattern (match-beginning 0)))
			    start (1+ (match-end 0))))
		    (call-process shell-file-name nil t nil
				  "-c" (concat "\\" ;; Disregard shell aliases!
					       insert-directory-program
					       " -d "
					       (if (stringp switches)
						   switches
						 (mapconcat 'identity switches " "))
					       " "
					       pattern)))
		;; SunOS 4.1.3, SVr4 and others need the "." to list the
		;; directory if FILE is a symbolic link.
		(apply 'call-process
		       insert-directory-program nil t nil
                       (append (if (listp switches)
                                   switches
                                 (split-string-by-char switches ?\ ))
                               (list
                                (if full-directory-p
                                    (concat (file-name-as-directory file) ".")
                                  file)))))))

	  ;; If we got "//DIRED//" in the output, it means we got a real
	  ;; directory listing, even if `ls' returned nonzero.
	  ;; So ignore any errors.
	  (when (if (stringp switches)
		    (string-match-p "--dired\\>" switches)
		  (member "--dired" switches))
	    (save-excursion
	      (forward-line -2)
	      (when (looking-at-p "//SUBDIRED//")
		(forward-line -1))
	      (if (looking-at-p "//DIRED//")
		  (setq result 0))))

	  (when (and (not (eq 0 result))
		     (eq insert-directory-ls-version 'unknown))
	    ;; The first time ls returns an error,
	    ;; find the version numbers of ls,
	    ;; and set insert-directory-ls-version
	    ;; to > if it is more than 5.2.1, < if it is less, nil if it
	    ;; is equal or if the info cannot be obtained.
	    ;; (That can mean it isn't GNU ls.)
	    (let ((version-out
		   (with-temp-buffer
		     (call-process "ls" nil t nil "--version")
		     (buffer-string))))
	      (if (string-match "ls (.*utils) \\([0-9.]*\\)$" version-out)
		  (let* ((version (match-string 1 version-out))
			 (split (split-string-by-char version ?.))
			 (numbers (mapcar 'string-to-int split))
			 (min '(5 2 1))
			 comparison)
		    (while (and (not comparison) (or numbers min))
		      (cond ((null min)
			     (setq comparison '>))
			    ((null numbers)
			     (setq comparison '<))
			    ((> (car numbers) (car min))
			     (setq comparison '>))
			    ((< (car numbers) (car min))
			     (setq comparison '<))
			    (t
			     (setq numbers (cdr numbers)
				   min (cdr min)))))
		    (setq insert-directory-ls-version (or comparison '=)))
		(setq insert-directory-ls-version nil))))

	  ;; For GNU ls versions 5.2.2 and up, ignore minor errors.
	  (when (and (eq 1 result) (eq insert-directory-ls-version '>))
	    (setq result 0))

	;; If `insert-directory-program' failed, signal an error.
	(unless (eq 0 result)
	  ;; Delete the error message it may have output.
	  (delete-region beg (point))
	  ;; On non-Posix systems, we cannot open a directory, so
	  ;; don't even try, because that will always result in
	  ;; the ubiquitous "Access denied".  Instead, show the
	  ;; command line so the user can try to guess what went wrong.
	  (if (and (file-directory-p file)
		   (memq system-type '(ms-dos windows-nt)))
	      (error
	       "Reading directory: \"%s %s -- %s\" exited with status %s"
	       insert-directory-program
	       (if (listp switches) (concat switches) switches)
	       file result)
	    (error "Listing directory failed")))

	(when (or (and (listp switches)
		       (member "--dired" switches))
		  (string-match-p "--dired\\>" switches))
	  (forward-line -2)
	  (when (looking-at-p "//SUBDIRED//")
	    (delete-region (point) (progn (forward-line 1) (point)))
	    (forward-line -1))
	  (if (looking-at-p "//DIRED//")
	      (let ((end (line-end-position))
		    (linebeg (point))
		    error-lines)
		;; Find all the lines that are error messages,
		;; and record the bounds of each one.
		(goto-char beg)
		(while (< (point) linebeg)
		  (or (eql (char-after) ?\s)
		      (push (list (point) (line-end-position)) error-lines))
		  (forward-line 1))
		(setq error-lines (nreverse error-lines))
		;; Now read the numeric positions of file names.
		(goto-char linebeg)
		(forward-word 1)
		(forward-char 3)
		(while (< (point) end)
		  (let ((start (insert-directory-adj-pos
				(+ beg (read (current-buffer)))
				error-lines))
			(end (insert-directory-adj-pos
			      (+ beg (read (current-buffer)))
			      error-lines)))
		    (if (memq (char-after end) '(?\n ?\ ))
			;; End is followed by \n or by " -> ".
			(let ((filename-extent (make-extent start end)))
			  (set-extent-property filename-extent 'dired-file-name t)
			  (set-extent-property filename-extent 'start-open t)
			  (set-extent-property filename-extent 'end-open t))
		      ;; It seems that we can't trust ls's output as to
		      ;; byte positions of filenames.
		      (map-extents
		       #'(lambda (extent maparg)
			   (delete-extent extent)
			   nil)
		       nil beg (point) nil nil 'dired-file-name)
		      (end-of-line))))
		(goto-char end)
		(beginning-of-line)
		(delete-region (point) (progn (forward-line 1) (point))))
	    ;; Take care of the case where the ls output contains a
	    ;; "//DIRED-OPTIONS//"-line, but no "//DIRED//"-line
	    ;; and we went one line too far back (see above).
	    (forward-line 1))
	  (if (looking-at-p "//DIRED-OPTIONS//")
	      (delete-region (point) (progn (forward-line 1) (point))))))))))

(defun insert-directory-adj-pos (pos error-lines)
  "Convert `ls --dired' file name position value POS to a buffer position.
File name position values returned in ls --dired output
count only stdout; they don't count the error messages sent to stderr.
So this function converts to them to real buffer positions.
ERROR-LINES is a list of buffer positions of error message lines,
of the form (START END)."
  (while (and error-lines (< (caar error-lines) pos))
    (setq pos (+ pos (- (nth 1 (car error-lines)) (nth 0 (car error-lines)))))
    (pop error-lines))
  pos)

;; BEGIN SYNC WITH FSF 21.2.

(defun insert-directory-safely (file switches
				     &optional wildcard full-directory-p)
  "Insert directory listing for FILE, formatted according to SWITCHES.

Like `insert-directory', but if FILE does not exist, it inserts a
message to that effect instead of signaling an error."
  (if (file-exists-p file)
      (insert-directory file switches wildcard full-directory-p)
    ;; Simulate the message printed by `ls'.
    (insert (format "%s: No such file or directory\n" file))))

(defvar kill-emacs-query-functions nil
  "Functions to call with no arguments to query about killing XEmacs.
If any of these functions returns nil, killing Emacs is cancelled.
`save-buffers-kill-emacs' (\\[save-buffers-kill-emacs]) calls these functions,
but `kill-emacs', the low level primitive, does not.
See also `kill-emacs-hook'.")

(defcustom confirm-kill-emacs nil
  "How to ask for confirmation when leaving Emacs.
If nil, the default, don't ask at all.  If the value is non-nil, it should
be a predicate function such as `yes-or-no-p'."
  :type '(choice (const :tag "Ask with yes-or-no-p" yes-or-no-p)
		 (const :tag "Ask with y-or-n-p" y-or-n-p)
		 (const :tag "Don't confirm" nil))
  :group 'emacs
  ;:version "21.1"
  )

(defun save-buffers-kill-emacs (&optional arg)
  "Offer to save each buffer, then kill this XEmacs process.
With prefix arg, silently save all file-visiting buffers, then kill."
  (interactive "P")
  (save-some-buffers arg t)
  (and (or (not (some #'(lambda (buf)
                          (and (buffer-file-name buf)
			       (buffer-modified-p buf)))
                      (buffer-list)))
	   (yes-or-no-p "Modified buffers exist; exit anyway? "))
       (or (not (fboundp 'process-list))
	   ;; process-list is not defined on VMS.
	   (let ((processes (process-list))
		 active)
	     (while processes
	       (and (memq (process-status (car processes)) '(run stop open))
		    (let ((val (process-kill-without-query (car processes))))
		      (process-kill-without-query (car processes) val)
		      val)
		    (setq active t))
	       (setq processes (cdr processes)))
	     (or
	      (not active)
	      (save-excursion
		(save-window-excursion
		  (delete-other-windows)
		  (list-processes)
		  (yes-or-no-p
		   "Active processes exist; kill them and exit anyway? "))))))
       ;; Query the user for other things, perhaps.
       (run-hook-with-args-until-failure 'kill-emacs-query-functions)
       (or (null confirm-kill-emacs)
	   (funcall confirm-kill-emacs "Really exit Emacs? "))
       (kill-emacs)))

(defun symlink-expand-file-name (filename)
  "If FILENAME is a symlink, return its non-symlink equivalent.
Unlike `file-truename', this doesn't chase symlinks in directory
components of the file or expand a relative pathname into an
absolute one."
  (let ((count 20))
    (while (and (> count 0) (file-symlink-p filename))
      (setq filename (file-symlink-p filename)
	    count (1- count)))
    (if (> count 0)
	filename
      (error "Apparently circular symlink path"))))

;; Suggested by Michael Kifer <kifer@CS.SunySB.EDU>
(defun file-remote-p (file &optional identification connected)
  "Test whether FILE specifies a location on a remote system.
Return an identification of the system if the location is indeed
remote.  The identification of the system may comprise a method
to access the system and its hostname, amongst other things.

For example, the filename \"/user@host:/foo\" specifies a location
on the system \"/user@host:\".

IDENTIFICATION specifies which part of the identification shall
be returned as string.  IDENTIFICATION can be the symbol
`method', `user' or `host'; any other value is handled like nil
and means to return the complete identification string.

If CONNECTED is non-nil, the function returns an identification only
if FILE is located on a remote system, and a connection is established
to that remote system.

`file-remote-p' will never open a connection on its own."
  (let ((handler (find-file-name-handler file 'file-remote-p)))
    (cond
     (handler
      (funcall handler 'file-remote-p file identification connected))
     ((and-boundp 'efs-path-regexp (string-match-p efs-path-regexp file)))
     (t nil))))


;; We use /: as a prefix to "quote" a file name
;; so that magic file name handlers will not apply to it.

(setq file-name-handler-alist
      (cons '("\\`/:" . file-name-non-special)
	    file-name-handler-alist))

;; We depend on being the last handler on the list,
;; so that anything else which does need handling
;; has been handled already.
;; So it is safe for us to inhibit *all* magic file name handlers.

(defun file-name-non-special (operation &rest arguments)
  (let ((file-name-handler-alist nil)
	(default-directory
	  (if (eq operation 'insert-directory)
	      (directory-file-name
	       (expand-file-name
		(unhandled-file-name-directory default-directory)))
	    default-directory))
	;; Get a list of the indices of the args which are file names.
	(file-arg-indices
	 (cdr (or (assq operation
			;; The first four are special because they
			;; return a file name.  We want to include the /:
			;; in the return value.
			;; So just avoid stripping it in the first place.
			'((expand-file-name . nil)
			  ;; `identity' means just return the first arg
			  ;; as stripped of its quoting.
			  (substitute-in-file-name . identity)
			  (file-name-directory . nil)
			  (file-name-as-directory . nil)
			  (directory-file-name . nil)
			  (file-name-completion 0 1)
			  (file-name-all-completions 0 1)
			  (rename-file 0 1)
			  (copy-file 0 1)
			  (make-symbolic-link 0 1)
			  (add-name-to-file 0 1)))
		  ;; For all other operations, treat the first argument only
		  ;; as the file name.
		  '(nil 0))))
	;; Copy ARGUMENTS so we can replace elements in it.
	(arguments (copy-sequence arguments)))
    ;; Strip off the /: from the file names that have this handler.
    (save-match-data
      (while (consp file-arg-indices)
	(let ((pair (nthcdr (car file-arg-indices) arguments)))
	  (and (car pair)
	       (string-match-p "\\`/:" (car pair))
	       (setcar pair
		       (if (eql (length (car pair)) 2)
			   "/"
			 (substring (car pair) 2)))))
	(setq file-arg-indices (cdr file-arg-indices))))
    (if (eq file-arg-indices 'identity)
	(car arguments)
      (apply operation arguments))))

;; END SYNC WITH FSF 21.2.

;; XEmacs. Question; do any of the Linuxes mount Windows partitions in
;; a fixed place?
(defvar file-system-case-alist nil
  "Alist to decide where file name case is significant. 

The format is ((PATTERN . VAL) ...), where PATTERN is a regular expression
matching a file name, and VAL is t if corresponding file names are
case-insensitive, nil if corresponding file names are case sensitive. Only
the first match will be used.

This list is used by `file-system-ignore-case-p', itself used in tab
completion; see also `default-file-system-ignore-case'.")

(defun file-system-ignore-case-p (path)
  "Return t if PATH resides on a file system with case-insensitive names.
Otherwise, return nil.  See `file-system-case-alist' and
`default-file-system-ignore-case'."
  (check-type path string)
  (if file-system-case-alist
      (loop
        for (pattern . val)
        in file-system-case-alist
        do (and (string-match-p pattern path) (return val))
        finally (return default-file-system-ignore-case))
    default-file-system-ignore-case))

;;; files.el ends here
